【选型】二极防护选TVS管还是选压敏电阻？

时间： 2021-06-06 来源：优恩半导体

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为满足消费者日益增强的功能需求，如今市场中的电子产品也好，各类电力设备也罢，其功能性也是日益增强，造福于消费者的同时，其自身面临的威胁也在放大。一般功能性越强大的产品，其内部的晶片集成度也就越高，一旦晶片受损所造成的损失也是极大的。因此，如今市场中的各类产品的防护等级都是偏高的，而这类防护方案都不可能仅仅只使用了一款电子保护器件。以电源防护方案为例，大家都知道，电源防护主要以防雷和限压为主，一般用陶瓷气体放电管来做一级防护，而后级的防护多由TVS管和压敏电阻来泄放雷击浪涌的残压。

图 1

二极防护选TVS管还是选压敏电阻同样也是很多工程师纠结的问题，很多客户在与优恩半导体的FAE工程师交流过压防护的时候也会谈到这个话题，两款限压器件，究竟怎么选择呢？在这里，优恩半导体就从最忌讳的产品特性以及工作原理和实际应用范围来为各位解答一下这个问题：

从普通TVS管和压敏电阻来说，在浪涌电流保护方面，TVS管能力要比压敏电阻差很多。例如，目前防雷器的主要材料是压敏电阻，而无法采用TVS管，这正因为在保护雷击浪涌时候，TVS管通流量小，压敏电阻通流量大，至于实际的防护选型，关键还是得要对抑制对象和保护对象要有充分的认识。如果是针对能量小的脉冲电压，防止对被保护对象因瞬态过压而损害，一般採用TVS管，对于吸收能量较高的浪涌电流/电压採用压敏电阻。

工作原理：

TVS管採用二极体工作原理，受到点击后，会立即击穿，然后关闭，对器件没有损伤，因此可以说没有寿命限制。对于压敏电阻而言，它採用的是物理吸收原理，每经过一次ESD事件，材料就会受到一定的物理损伤，形成无法恢復的漏电通道；而且，要达到更好的吸收效果，就要使用更多的材料，使其体积增加，进而限制了在今天小型化产品当中的应用。

材质：

TVS管是由半导体材料制成，可以通过设计来降低节电容值，而压敏电阻还无法降低其寄生电容值。

压敏电阻是由氧化锌制成的，在经过能量冲击后，产生老化，逐渐降低回应时间和保护能力，TVS管则不存在老化问题。

应用：

两个是不同的使用方面，压敏电阻倾向于电源的防护，能量吸收大，多次使用后会老化，TVS管主要做防静电保护，反应速度快，通流容量小，适合做最末级的防护，在信号介面电路中使用比较多。

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本文由三年不鸣转载自优恩半导体，原文标题为:TVS管与压敏电阻的性能对比，本站所有转载文章系出于传递更多信息之目的，且明确注明来源，不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系，我们将立即进行删除处理。

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SERIES,5KP28A,SCGB1608H121EPF,30KPA108A,SMF110A,15KPA28A,SMAJ8.5CA,SC1210-420BSMD,SMAJ180A,P4KE100A,SC135-650,SCC-471M,SMBJ17A,SMF85CA,SMBJ120CA,5.0SMDJ220A,SM5S,SM8E,SM8S16CA,SM6S22A,20KPA120CA,5KP8.0A,1.5SMC10A,SC2E5-3500D,SC3E6-230M,3KP75CA,SMBJ14A,SM8S,P6SMB18A,SMDJ16CA,SCGB1608S221FPF,SMBJ130A,1.5SMC130CA,5.0SMDJ350A,SCPB1608S601LPF,15KPA26A,15KPA48CA,SMDJ440CA,34S350K/40,5KP120CA,SCGB1005S200FPF,SA100A,SMBJ15A,SCF125-2920R,SMAJ170CA,KA-133,SCWL252010G-R47ML,15KPA180A,30KPA260CA,SMBJ12A,SMAJ6.0A,P6KE62CA,SC3E8-150HP,SC250-1000S,TPSMEJ,SC3E8-150HM,1.5SMC91A,SA7.5CA,5.0SMDJ78A,SMCJ7.0A,SMDJ51CA,15KPA22CA,5.0SMDJ48CA,SMBJ13A,SCBE-471M,SC2E8-150MSMD,TPSMDJ,P6KE75A,P4SMA220A,KB-380,34S440K/65D,SMCJ150A,20KPA172A,SC1210-350BSMD,SC1812-90CSMD,TPSMCJ,SA6.0A,SCF200-1812R,5KP8.5A,SMAJ78A,KA-100,SC3E8-800HM,5KP120A,SC3E8-800HP,SMBJ10A,SMBJ11A,P4KE27A,5.0SMDJ400A,SMAJ22CA,SC3E5-350LM,TPSMBJ,SMCJ6.5CA,8.0SMDJ22CA,SMAJ75A,SMCJ36A,SA190CA,SCPB1005S121MPF,SM4KBF,5.0SMDJ75A,P4SMA9.1A,TH8S SERIES,SMF54CA,SC30-600,P4SMA91A,TPSMAJ,1.5KE100A,SC2E8-250MSMD,P6SMB170A,SMCJ45CA,3KP60A,30KPA84CA,SC3E5-470LM,P6KE75CA,TH8D28CA,P4KE24A,SCF030-1812R,SCPB3216S121WTF,SC16-600,SCA SERIES,SCGB1005S600FPF,SC3E5-150L,SMAJ6.5A,SMBJ440A,SMCJ58CA,SMDJ7.5CA,5.0SMDJ17CA,1.5KE18CA,5KP60CA,5.0SMDJ70CA,SMCJ33A,P4SMA350A,RCF260-1812R,SCGB3216S700KTF,SCF0805,P4KE22A,P4SMA6.8CA,10D SERIES,P4KE6.8A,SA6.5A,5.0SMDJ33CA,SA36CA,SMBJ,SMDJ20CA,SMF6.0A,P4SMA15CA,3KP6.0CA,SMDJ160A,3KP26CA,SCWL201610H-R47ML,SMAJ60A,SMAJ,SC2E8-75ML,5.0SMDJ70A,5.0SMDJ SERIES,SMF22CA,SMDJ48A,SMCJ7.0CA,SMCJ20A,P4KE36CA,SCF260-13-1812,P6KE200A,SMDJ,20KPA36CA,SC1206-470ASMD,SMBJ85A,1.5KE380A,P4KE120CA,P4SMA400CA,SCPB1608S600QPF,SC2K8-400SMD,SMF180A,SM8E43A,SMCJ,SM8S22CA,SMDJ33CA,SMDJ45A,1.5SMC8.2CA,SCC-401M,SMCJ13CA,SCB-201M,TH8S16CA,PXXXXSB SERIES,SMDJ64CA,3KP13CA,5KP180CA,SCWL252010G SERIES,1.5KE62A,20KPA26A,SCF020-0805R,20KPA104CA,PXXXXLA SERIES,SMCJ26CA,SA75A,TH8D,20KPA24A,TH8S,SMDJ43A,1.5SMC91CA,SCHB1608W601EPF,1.5SMC180CA,20KPA300CA,SCPB-S SERIES,1.5KE250A,SCF012-0603R,SA78A,53D361K,SMAJ85CA,P4SMA200A,SA190A,K1-076,1.5KE8.2A,2