【应用】汽车抛负载怎么防?您需要这款600W瞬态抑制二极管
【摘要】汽车上,很多地方的电器都要承受抛负载电压的冲击,除交流发电机断开负载做造成的抛负载瞬变电压,还经常有类似的瞬态脉冲电压产生。本文针对此现象论述了TVS瞬态抑制二极管是如何抑制过大瞬态电压的。
汽车电子抛负载的危害
现在的汽车,越来越多的电子设备存在于其中,让驾驶人享受更多的驾驶乐趣,同时也提供了安全的保障,如ESP。当然,这些电子设备的安全性关乎整车的正常运行,甚至乘车人的人身安全,如果没有一些必要的防范措施,很容易让电子设备罢工,产生危险,如最为常见的抛负载现象。
在车上,很多地方的电器都要承受抛负载电压的冲击,如:点火模块、电子调节器等。为了汽车的安全性和使用寿命,这些关键件都必须进行抛负载电压的冲击试验。交流发电机的抛负载试验越来越成为被关注的试验项目。只有经得起抛负载试验的模块方能被允许安装在汽车里面。
抛负载试验中产生的抛负载瞬变电压主要产生于交流发电机。包括:
1)负载突然断开(负载单抛)
2)蓄电池突然断开(蓄电池单抛)
3)负载、蓄电池同时断开(双抛)
4)调节器失效
除去上述交流发电机断开负载所造成的抛负载瞬变电压外,汽车电路中还经常有其它类似的瞬态脉冲电压产生,现将所有这些常见的典型瞬态脉冲电压列表如下(见表1)。
表1:汽车电路中典型瞬态脉冲电压
下图为抛负载原始波形,可以看出,在1ms的时间,抛负载电压波从正常的14.7V突变到90V。最高时甚至高达170V。这将会给交流发电机以及调节器等带来严重破坏,因此对调节器性能提出过高的要求,这显然是很不利的。
图1:抛负载电压波
抛负载实验的解决方案:
下图为LittleFuse的TPSMB系列TVS脉冲波形图,在1ms时间吸收电流达到了50A,能有效一直抛负载对电子设备的影响。
图2:TPSMB系列TVS脉冲波形图
TPSMA6L和TPSMB系列能承受600W的额定脉冲峰值功率耗损(PPPM),尺寸小巧,符合AEC-Q101标准,专为汽车产品而设计,非常适合高可靠性应用的汽车级产品。兼容IEC 61000-4-2和IEC 61000-4-4标准,帮助设计人员满足全球监管标准。用于二级电源抛负载设计再适合不过,通过在电源处设置TPSMB或TPSMA6L瞬态抑制二极管来防止高电压的产生。如需一级抛负载防护,则需要具有更大额定脉冲峰值功率耗损的TVS器件,如15KPA-HR/15KPA-HRA/30KPA-HR/30KPA-HRA,前两个系列为15KW,后两个系列为30KW,如需更多资料,请联系世强。
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