【经验】如何理解电阻温度系数(TCR)对电阻分压电路精度的影响?
在大多数电压采样方案中,电阻分压以其电路简单,成本低的优势被绝大部分行业所应用,但在评估采样精度过程中,需要评估电阻的精度和电阻的温度系数(TCR)对采样精度的影响,尤其是温度系数参数。本文将结合光颉科技(Viking)的薄膜电阻AR系列,谈谈该如何理解电阻温度系数(TCR)对电阻分压电路精度的影响。
电阻分压采样电阻电路实际上是利用电阻串联分压的原理,如图1所示就是一个典型的电阻分压电路,输入电路由输入电源Ui、电阻R1和电阻R2构成,那分压电路输出的电压Uo的计算公式为:Uo= R2*Ui/(R1+R2)。
图1 典型的电阻分压电路
然而在实际应用中,电阻的精度和温度系数(TCR)对最终的输出精度都有影响,以光颉科技(Viking)的薄膜电阻AR系列为例,电阻精度范围分布从±0.01%到±1%,温度系数范围分布从±1ppm/℃到±50ppm/℃。本文将以精度±0.5%,温度系数±25ppm/℃为例分析,分析电阻温度系数(TCR)对电阻分压电路精度的影响。
如图2所示,输入电压100V,分压电阻选取光颉科技(Viking)的薄膜电阻AR系列的90KΩ,8KΩ和2KΩ,电压采样去2KΩ电阻上的电压,按理论值计算采样的电压值应该为2V。下面就开始分析考虑电阻的精度和温度系数(TCR)影响下的采样电压值。
图2 电阻分压采样电路原理图
首先在室温条件下,考虑电阻影响最大化,取R0精度为+0.5%,室温条件下R0阻值为:90KΩ*1.005=90.45 KΩ;取R1和R2精度为-0.5%,室温条件下其阻值和:(8KΩ+2KΩ)*0.995=9.95 KΩ,总的阻值和维90.45+9.95=100.4 KΩ,电阻R2阻值2KΩ*0.995=1.991 KΩ,计算可得采样电阻R2两端电压:100V*1.991/100.4=1.983V。
然后考虑温度系数(TCR)±25ppm/℃影响,取125℃条件下,同样考虑影响最大化,R0取正偏,R1和R2取负偏:
R0阻值为:90.45 KΩ* [1+(25/106)*(125-25)]=90.676 KΩ;
R1+R2阻值和为:9.95 KΩ* [1-(25/106)*(125-25)]=9.925 KΩ;
R0+R1+R2阻值和为:90.676 +9.925=100.601 KΩ;
R2阻值为:1.991* [1-(25/106)*(125-25)]=1.986 KΩ;
125℃条件下电阻R2两端电压为100V*1.986/100.601=1.974V;
可计算出实际应用中电阻因为温度系数(TCR)电阻变化导致的最终采样电压差为2-1.974=0.026V,可得出采样的误差为:(0.026/2)*100%=1.3%。
由以上我们可以看出电阻温度系数(TCR)对电阻阻值的影响,实际应用中,电阻的精度可以通过软件来校准,而电阻温度系数(TCR)是硬性指标,由电阻本身特性决定,因此准确的分析电阻的精度以及电阻温度系数(TCR),是最终电压采样的精度一个重要衡量标准。
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AR Series - Thin Film Precision Chip Resistor
型号- AR,AR SERIES,AR05,AR06,AR03,AR03TTBY1001N,AR01,AR12,AR02,AR13,AR10
ARW..A Series – Automotive Grade Thin Film Precision Chip Resistor (Wide Terminal) Data Sheet
型号- ARW..A SERIES,ARW25,ARW62,ARW62BTCT1001A,ARW..A,ARW20
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可定制分流器电阻范围20uΩ~100uΩ,可自由设计铜排形状尺寸,电镀:镀锡/镀镍。支持RoHS指令 、AEC-Q200。认证资格:IATF16949;ISO9001;检测精度:0.1%。
最小起订量: 100个 提交需求>
配备KEYSIGHT网络分析仪,可测量无线充电系统发射机/接收机线圈的阻抗,电感L、电阻R、电感C以及品质因数Q,仿真不同充电负载阻抗下的无线充电传输效率。支持到场/视频直播测试,资深专家全程指导。
实验室地址: 深圳 提交需求>
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