电动汽车应用中的电磁干扰应当如何解决?多层陶瓷电容器是理想之选
根据美国交通统计局的统计数据(图1),截至2020年电动汽车 (EV) 销量已连续五年增长,同时市场需求也在持续增长。 基于2021年第一季度销售数据,2021年度的销售额有望超过去年。
图1 美国十年间插电式电动汽车销售额
然而随着产量的增加,电动汽车也面临着许多独特的挑战,其中就包括如何应对更关键的电磁干扰 (EMI) 问题。电动汽车采用大功率电子设备来操作电机,从而易产生高功率、低频率的电磁干扰。虽然电磁干扰是电子应用中的常见问题,但电动汽车对安全性、效率和性能要求较高,若该问题得不到解决很可能会造成严重后果。
汽车电子中电磁干扰的来源
电磁干扰是干扰电缆信号并降低信号完整性的电子噪声,它通常由电磁辐射发生源产生。在电动汽车的组成部件中,电磁干扰的来源包括:
(1)电源转换器:它是电力系统中EMI的主要来源。电力驱动系统需要高速转换器件,如传统的绝缘栅双极晶体管 (IGBT),可在 2 至 20 kHz 的频率范围内工作。快速的绝缘栅双极晶体管 (IGBT)和碳化硅 (SiC) 金属-氧化物半导体场效应晶体管 (MOSFET) 甚至可以在更高的频率下工作;
(2)电动机:电动机在高功率水平下运行,从而产生电磁辐射(EME),并通过阻抗为电磁干扰提供路径;
(3)车载电池及其相关的连接电路:车载电池及其相关的连接电路中的电流成为电场和磁场 (EMF) 发射源,为电磁干扰创造路径;
(4)电缆:屏蔽和非屏蔽电缆在电动汽车的子系统之间承载高频电流并产生更强的磁场。由于布线空间有限,高低压电缆靠得很近,导致它们之间产生电磁干扰;
(5)车载电池充电系统和无线充电设施:这是主要的外部电磁干扰产生来源。与无线充电器连接会产生强大的磁场,以将电力传输到电动汽车中,而这易产生电磁干扰。
解决电动汽车中电磁干扰的途径:
1、使用宽带隙半导体是解决电磁干扰的途径之一
宽带隙 (WBG) 半导体,如碳化硅(SiC) 和氮化镓 (GaN),虽然具备良好的功率和效率,但更高的转换频率也会造成电磁干扰。 基于碳化硅(SiC)的器件可搭载较小尺寸的无源EMI滤波器,但产生的电磁干扰往往集中在高频范围内,故而高频无源器件的非理想行为可能使滤波器设计成为一项挑战。基于此,调整滤波器方案以减小电感/电容值和滤波器尺寸是减小EPC和等效串联电感 (ESL) 的一种方法。
2、滤波电容器可以解决汽车电子应用中的电磁干扰
在汽车电子应用中,滤波电容器,也称为抗电磁干扰滤波器,通常用作输入和输出电容器,它们用于消除线路上的电子噪声和其他不需要的信号。在系统的高压交流 (AC) 侧,滤波电容器通常用于抗电磁干扰滤波,而在子系统的直流 (DC) 侧,它们用于平滑高压交流侧的纹波分量并滤除噪声。
目前有多种满足各类应用需求的滤波电容器可供选择。例如,对于高可靠性有要求的电子应用,需要使用通过安规认证的X级和Y级电容器。X级(线对线)电容器设计成短路失效模式,当发生过压事件时,短路失效模式会打开过流保护装置 (OCPD) ,从而防止触电的危险。Y级电容器(线对地)则通过设计成开路失效模式,在接地不通的情况下实现开路。
3、多层陶瓷电容器 (MLCC)是理想之选
高压电动汽车子系统的可靠性和安全性受到国家的严格审查,因此符合UL、TÜV、CSA、VDE和其他国际安全规范的X级和Y级多层陶瓷电容器 (MLCC) 是一个很好的选择。作为抑制射频干扰和电磁干扰(RFI/EMI)的各类X级和Y级电容器通常使用陶瓷或塑料薄膜为原材料,但由于某些电动汽车子系统对电容器有耐高温和小尺寸要求,MLCC是唯一可行的选择,因为它不会在恶劣的工作条件下熔化。
纵观目前市场上的多层陶瓷电容器,楼氏电容(KNOWLES)具有相当大的优势。他提供满足汽车电子应用的各类普通及安规认证电容,并于前不久推出了增强型安规电容,产品可分为四个独立系列。这类表贴式MLCC符合国际UL60384-14和EN60384-14规范,可用于替代AC-DC电源中的引脚类薄膜电容器,并满足按IEC-60384-14标准确定的Y2/X1、X1和X2等级要求。
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本文由观海听澜转载自Knowles,原文标题为:楼氏电容课堂 | 电动汽车应用中的电磁干扰应当如何解决?,本站所有转载文章系出于传递更多信息之目的,且明确注明来源,不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
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多层陶瓷电容器 ATF 16949:2016 质量管理体系 (bsi) Certificate of Registration (690871)
描述- 楼氏电子(苏州)有限公司获得BSI颁发的IATF 16949:2016质量管理体系认证,认证范围涵盖多层陶瓷电容器的设计和制造。证书有效期为2024年9月18日至2027年9月17日。此外,Knowles (UK) Ltd.和Knowles Distribution Sdn. Bhd.也获得相同认证,分别涉及产品设计、销售、供应商管理以及顾客服务、仓储、分配、物流、包装等领域。
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描述- 本资料介绍了多种类型的MLCC(多层陶瓷电容器),包括不同尺寸、电容值、公差、额定电压和温度系数等。产品符合AEC-Q200标准,适用于汽车电子和其他高可靠性应用。
型号- A101G0805C0G251ND*,A563K0402X7R160NB*,A122K0402X7R500NB*,A103K0201X7R250NA*,A332K0402X7R160NB*,A681M0402X7R100NB*,A122M0402X7R250NB*,A390F0603C0G101ND*,A682M0201X7R100NA*,A102M0603X7R101ND*,A122M0603X7R500ND*,A822F0805C0G500N5*,A151M0201X7R100NA*,A102K0201X7R160NA*,A180G0603C0G500ND*,A102K0402X7R101NB*,A332K0603X7R101ND*,A333K0402X7R250NB*,A563K0603X7R250ND*,A102M0603X7R250ND*,A105M0402X7S6R3NC*,A122K0201X7R250NA*,A331F1206C0G631NK*,A104M0402X7R250NB*,A331G1206C0G631NK*,A391G0603C0G101ND*,A102M0402X7R160NB*,A103M0201X7R160NA*,A123M0402X7R500NB*,A103F1206C0G101NE*,A104M0603X7R500ND*,A223G0805C0G500N5*,A101K0201X7R160NA*,A181J0603C0G500ND*,A562K0603X7R101ND*,A332K0201X7R160NA*,A390G0603C0G101ND*,A333K0603X7R250ND*,A3R9A0603C0G500ND*,A333M0603X7R250ND*,A474K0603X7R160ND*,A0R9A0603C0G500ND*,A103M0402X7R160NB*,A561F1206C0G631NK*,A121M0201X7R160NA*,A103K0402X7R500NB*,A102M0201X7R160NA*,A123G1206C0G101NE*,A2R4C0603C0G500ND*,A153F0805C0G500N5*,A563K0603X7R101ND*,A2R4A0603C0G500ND*,A102K0201X7R250NA*,A391M0402X7R500NB*,A391M0201X7R250NA*,A391K0402X7R500NB*,A121K0201X7R160NA*,A563M0603X7R160ND*,A104K0402X7R500NB*,A182J0603C0G500ND*,A393F1206C0G500NE*,A392M0402X7R500NB*,A270J0603C0G500ND*,A563K0603X7R160ND*,A104M0402X7R500NB*,A152M0201X7R100NA*,A431K0201X7R100NA*,A332K0603X7R250ND*,A122M0201X7R160NA*,A393J1206C0G101NE*,A391G0603C0G500ND*,A103M0201X7R250NA*,A392M0201X7R250NA*,A563M0402X7R160NB*,A181J0603C0G101ND*,A393K0805X7R101NE*,A332M0402X7R160NB*,A361K0201X7R100NA*,A122K0603X7R500ND*,A102K0603X7R101ND*,A474K0402X7S6R3NN*,A561G1206C0G631NK*,A333K0603X7R101ND*,A682M0402X7R100NB*,A105K0402X7S6R3NC*,A121F0603C0G101ND*,A8R2B0603C0G500ND*,A2R2A0603C0G500ND*,A104K0402X7R250NB*,A122M0201X7R250NA*,A333M0603X7R500ND*,A122M0603X7R250ND*,A563M0603X7R250ND*,A123K0402X7R500NB*,A103K0201X7R160NA*,A103G1206C0G101NE*,A332K0402X7R250NB*,A391F0603C0G500ND*,A101F0805C0G251ND*,A152M0402X7R100NB*,A474K0603X7R250ND*,A7R0D0603C0G500ND*,A121J1206C0G631NK*,A683M0402X7R100NB*,A103K0603X7R250ND*,A101J0805C0G251ND*,A103K0402X7R250NB*,A122M0402X7R101NB*,A121M0201X7R250NA*,A822G0805C0G500N5*,A332K0201X7R250NA*,A102K0603X7R250ND*,A103M0603X7R500ND*,A331K0402X7R101NB*,A2R4B0603C0G500ND*,A153G0805C0G500N5*,A333F1206C0G101NE*,A123F1206C0G500NE*,A122M0603X7R101ND*,A390F0603C0G500ND*,A393G1206C0G101NE*,A102K0402X7R250NB*,A123M0402X7R250NB*,A333M0402X7R160NB*,A332K0402X7R101NB*,A123K0603X7R500ND*,A682F0805C0G500N5*,A681M0201X7R100NA*,A102M0603X7R500ND*,A562K0603X7R500ND*,A392K0201X7R250NA*,A563K0402X7R500NB*,A391J1206C0G631NK*,A392M0201X7R160NA*,A332K0402X7R500NB*,A393M0805X7R101NE*,A103F1206C0G500NE*,A122K0402X7R160NB*,A121G1206C0G631NK*,A5R1B0603C0G500ND*,A2R2C0603C0G500ND*,A822M0201X7R100NA*,A561K0201X7R160NA*,A361M0201X7R100NA*,A224K0603X7R250ND*,A223K0603X7R101ND*,A8R2C0603C0G500ND*,A224M0603X7R160ND*,A8R2D0603C0G500ND*,A391K0201X7R160NA*,A273M0402X7R100NB*,A123M0603X7R250ND*,A222M0201X7R100NA*,A682K0402X7R100NB*,A473K0603X7R101ND*,A183J1206C0G101NE*,A471K0201X7R100NA*,A823K0603X7R101ND*,A104M0603X7R160ND*,A2R7C0603C0G500ND*,A103K0603X7R101ND*,A153M0402X7R100NB*,A102M0402X7R500NB*,A391K0402X7R250NB*,A221K0201X7R100NA*,A821K0201X7R100NA*,A823M0603X7R160ND*,A683J1206C0G500N1*,A101M0201X7R160NA*,A822M0402X7R100NB*,A0R8A0603C0G500ND*,A122K0201X7R160NA*,A104K0402X7R160NB*,A272J0603C0G500ND*,A331J1206C0G631NK*,A332M0201X7R160NA*,A272M0402X7R100NB*,A392M0603X7R500ND*,A392K0402X7R500NB*,A101K0201X7R250NA*,A3R9C0603C0G500ND*,A2R2B0603C0G500ND*,A103M0402X7R500NB*,A5R6C0603C0G500ND*,A561J1206C0G631NK*,X7R,A103G1206C0G500NE*,X7T,A821K0402X7R100NB*,X7S,A392M0402X7R160NB*,A392K0603X7R500ND*,A221K0402X7R100NB*,A221M0402X7R100NB*,A392K0402X7R250NB*,A821M0402X7R100NB*,A474M0603X7R160ND*,A391K0402X7R101NB*,A0R7A0603C0G500ND*,A563K0603X7R500ND*,A393F1206C0G101NE*,A103K0402X7R160NB*,A271J0603C0G500ND*,A6R8C0603C0G500ND*,A8R0B0603C0G500ND*,A391M0402X7R160NB*,A222M0402X7R100NB*,A223K0603X7R250ND*,A5R0B0603C0G500ND*,A431M0201X7R100NA*,A823K0603X7R250ND*,A473K0402X7R160NB*,A561K0402X7R160NB*,A104M0402X7R160NB*,A154M0603X7R160ND*,A391K0402X7R160NB*,A152K0201X7R100NA*,A392K0402X7R101NB*,A2R0B0603C0G500ND*,A221M0201X7R100NA*,A821M0201X7R100NA*,A391J0603C0G101ND*,A0R6A0603C0G500ND*,A183F1206C0G500NE*,A3R6A0603C0G500ND*,A5R6D0603C0G500ND*,A221F1206C0G631NK*,A472K0402X7R160NB*,A562K0402X7R500NB*,A153K0603X7R101ND*,A682K0201X7R100NA*,A224M0603X7R250ND*,A391K0201X7R250NA*,A683J1206C0G101N1*,A151K0201X7R100NA*,C0G,A821F1206C0G631NK*,A0R9B0603C0G500ND*,A3R9B0603C0G500ND*,A562K0402X7R160NB*,A331K0402X7R160NB*,A104K0603X7R500ND*,A122J0603C0G500ND*,A103J0805C0G500N5*,A180J0603C0G500ND*,A153K0402X7R100NB*,A154K0603X7R250ND*,A333F1206C0G500NE*,A332K0603X7R500ND*,A391M0201X7R160NA*,A331K0402X7R500NB*,A104K0603X7R160ND*,A331K0201X7R160NA*,A102K0402X7R160NB*,A121G0603C0G101ND*,A681K0402X7R100NB*,A102K0402X7R500NB*,A223F0805C0G500N5*,A223M0603X7R101ND*,A473K0603X7R500ND*,A152K0402X7R100NB*,A683K0402X7R100NB*,A3R6B0603C0G500ND*,A103K0603X7R500ND*,A473J1206C0G500N1*,A0R6B0603C0G500ND*,A2R0C0
【经验】解析SLC和MLCC这两种电容器的应用
在电路设计初期,工程师们就需要决定是选用单层电容器(SLC)还是多层陶瓷电容器(MLCC)来满足应用需求。今天Knowles(楼氏)和你分享如下:总的来说,两者似乎有类似的功用,因为无论是SLC还是MLCC,它们都可作电路中的充储电、滤波或旁路之用。
多层陶瓷电容器注意事项和指南
描述- 本资料提供了多层陶瓷电容器的设计、安装、焊接和使用指南。内容包括电容器的性能限制、环境适应性、电路设计注意事项、PCB布局建议、安装和焊接过程中的安全措施,以及存储和处理规范。此外,还介绍了针对汽车电子应用的可靠性测试标准AEC-Q200,并强调了产品规格可能变更的重要性。
【经验】解析多层陶瓷电容器的容值与电压的变化关系
设计多层陶瓷电容器(MLCC)时,工程师经常关注的一个问题是容值是否会随着电压的变化而波动——又称 “直流偏压 “或 “电压系数“。本文Knowles主要解析多层陶瓷电容器的容值与电压的变化关系,以及介绍新型电介质材料Hiteca™。
Knowles(楼氏电子)多层陶瓷电容器选型指南
描述- At Knowles Capacitors, they make Single Layer, Multilayer, High Reliability and Precision Variable Capacitors; EMI Filters; and Thin Film Devices.
型号- XX1206N472J101NX050HTM-HB,UL SERIES,085J2500101JHT,404027K00470GQB-AF9,E01,0603 H,E03,E07,1206Y0500224KXT---,0805B123K501LEAR,SV2220,1210Y1000103KXT---,C17CF620J-7UN-X0T,1206J1000103MXTH20,1210Y2000103KCT---,2220YA300563KSTS3X,CR1206N562K101NHT-4,1812Y1000334MXTE03,RG3640R124K102PX---T,2225B3K06P80GQBRW221,8111M1000102JC□□□□□,1812YA250103KJT,1206G224K250NX050HTM,2220B1K00104JETJ,8131T,1206Y1000103MXTE07,8151M,8171M,1808JA250102KJTSYX,8111M,120625000223JQT--,8111N,C17UL620J7UNX-0T,8131M,0603J0500471JBB_ _ _,1206W476K6R3NX080T,1808JA250102GJTS2X,0805 H SERIES,0805J2504P70BUT,1812Y5000474KJT,C17CF470J7WAX0B,C17CF620J7UN-X0T,0603 H SERIES,1812Y5000474KJTWS2,1206Y1000473KNT,1206HD272F101NGHT,MD0603N102J500NHT-BA,MD0603BW102K500NHT-BA,AH SERIES,MD SERIES,CF SERIES,0805 H,1808JA250102GJTSYS,2520E563K501LGWR,1206YA120103JXT,C17AH620J-7UA-X0T,8121T,RC3640R124K102PX---T,1206G500391JGTH25,8161M,1206RE331J501NHT,0805Y1000103KST---,1206Y1K00152KXTVC1,8121M,8165M,8121N,8141M,ST3640B474M101LJXW-5R,8111M1000102JC□□□□□□,1210Y1000103JDT_ _ _,SV2220BB476M101LJW-10R
汽车电子解决方案
描述- 本文介绍了Nippon Chemi-Con公司针对电动汽车(xEV)应用提供的多种高可靠性元器件,包括高压逆变器、门驱动器、DC/DC转换器、车载充电器等。文章详细介绍了铝电解电容器、多层陶瓷电容器(MLCC)、共模电感器等产品的性能特点、应用领域和规格参数。此外,还介绍了Nippon Chemi-Con公司在xEV应用中提供的解决方案,如电容模块、CAE分析等,以帮助客户实现最优设计。
型号- KZN SERIES,SM SERIES,MHB,GXF SERIES,AJ SERIES,MHL,MHK,MHU SERIES,DM SERIES,MHS SERIES,MHS,KVJ SERIES,MHU,KVD SERIES,DKG SERIES,HXF SERIES,HXD SERIES,FL-V,DXE,DXG,HXC,KHE SERIES,DXF,GVA,DKA SERIES,GVD,HXE,HXD,MZA,MAK,KVB,HXF,KVA,KVD,MXB SERIES,HXJ,MZJ,PXD,MAK SERIES,KVJ,NTD,MAR,MHB SERIES,MZR,HXU,NTJ,AVH SERIES,MZS,PXN,FL SERIES,EKXJ451ELL121MM45S,LBG SERIES,HXJ SERIES,LHJ,NCM12-FC SERIES,LBV SERIES,LHS,GPD SERIES,FL-V SERIES,NTD SERIES,HSE SERIES,HXE SERIES,HSC SERIES,GXF,GVA SERIES,GPD,KXJ,MAR SERIES,GXM,KXN,DXE SERIES,KXQ,KHE,PXD SERIES,DXF SERIES,DXG SERIES,LBG,KYC,KYB,HSD,HSC,HSE,DKA,LBV,DKG,RWJ,MZR SERIES,KYB SERIES,RWK,FW SERIES,HSD SERIES,MZJ SERIES,HHXE630ARA101MJC5G,AVH,LHS SERIES,GVD SERIES,NCM12-FC,KZN,MVH,RWK SERIES,NCM12-FE,KXN SERIES,KXQ SERIES,LVA SERIES,KA SERIES,MVH SERIES,KXJ SERIES,KVA SERIES,KVB SERIES,MHL SERIES,MHK SERIES,NCM12-FE SERIES,HXC SERIES,MZS SERIES,NTJ SERIES,KYC SERIES,V SERIES,PXN SERIES,HXU SERIES,GXM SERIES,LVA,MXB,SV SERIES,MZA SERIES,RWJ SERIES,LHJ SERIES
解析在光伏领域中常见的电容器应用
随着太阳能电子技术的持续创新和公众对光伏设备兴趣的不断增长,对于构建坚固且高效的电子元件的需求变得越来越明显。在这些电子元件中,电容器发挥着至关重要的作用。特别是在功率转换系统中,它们能够有效地平滑和调节功率流动,抵御电压突波的冲击,并精确地滤除不必要的信号干扰,确保系统的稳定运行和高效能量转换。
【技术】多层陶瓷电容器的两种电极组成材料PMEs和BMEs应用优势对比
多层陶瓷电容器 (MLCCs) 由两种材料组成——陶瓷介电材料和金属电极材料。本文Knowles(楼氏电容)将探讨在选择电极材料时要牢记的不同特性,特别是对于高可靠性应用。
探索楼氏电容器在电动汽车中的关键作用 (下)
在上期的内容中,我们为大家初步介绍了电容器在电动汽车电力系统中的多种作用,今天我们将就其在牵引逆变器(直流至交流)、车载充电器(交流至直流)和DC-DC转换器中的具体应用进行介绍。
Q11E1D222MN0B2CQN0 X1-760VAC/Y1-500VAC-Y5U-222M 安规陶瓷电容器-CY 系列(Y1-500VAC 车规系列)规格承认书
描述- 本资料详细介绍了安规陶瓷电容器CY系列(Y1-500VAC车规系列)的产品规格、特性、测试方法、包装和安全认证等信息。该系列电容器适用于汽车电子领域,具有高可靠性、环保和符合多种安全标准的特点。
型号- CY 型,X1-760VAC/Y1-500VAC-Y5U-222M,Q11E1D222MN0B2CQN0,CY 系列
电子商城
品牌:KYOCERA
品类:Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors
价格:¥0.2858
现货: 7,500
现货市场
服务
可定制UV胶的粘度范围:150~25000cps,粘接材料:金属,塑料PCB,玻璃,陶瓷等;固化方式:UV固化;双固化,产品通过ISO9001:2008及ISO14000等认证。
最小起订量: 1支 提交需求>
支持GSM / GPRS 等多种制式产品的射频测试,覆盖所有上行和下行的各项射频指标,包括频差、相差、调制、功率、功控、包络、邻道泄漏比、频谱、杂散、灵敏度、同道干扰、邻道干扰、互调、阻塞等等。满足CE / FCC / IC / TELEC等主流认证的射频测试需求。
实验室地址: 深圳 提交需求>
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