芯片测试大讲堂——半导体参数测试与避坑指南

时间： 2023-11-04 来源：是德科技KEYSIGHT公众号

技术问答

半导体元器件是构成现代电子设备和系统的基础，其性能的好坏、稳定性的高低直接影响到电子设备的性能和可靠性。从最笼统的角度说，我们可以利用半导体参数分析仪对半导体器件进行IV参数测试，即电压和电流关系的测试，也可以延展到CV参数测试即电容相关的测试。

通过以上测试，我们可以得到半导体器件的电阻特性、电容特性和晶体管的增益特性；也可以通过精密的电器特性测量，得到器件的工艺参数直至半导体器件的物理信息，如离子注入浓度（也称掺杂浓度）、薄膜厚度、线宽和氧化电荷等。经常涉及的测量参数如下图：

图：半导体参数测试列表

这些参数的测试对于判断半导体器件的性能、分析其工作机制，以及进行进一步的器件优化都有着极其关键的作用，下面的篇幅，我们重点就直流静态参数测试展开。

半导体静态参数测试简介

静态参数主要是指本身固有的，与其工作条件无关的相关参数，主要包括：门极开启电压、门极击穿电压，集电极发射极间耐压、集电极发射极间漏电流、寄生电容（输入电容、转移电容、输出电容），以及以上参数的相关特性曲线的测试。

除了普通硅基(Si)，碳化硅(SiC)和氮化镓(GaN)等全新宽带隙材料能够支持大电压和高切换速度，在新兴大功率应用领域具有广阔前景，IGBT/SiC/GaN器件与模组，可以作为众多应用的电子开关，并且其重要性持续增加。在高电压直流偏置条件下(高达 3 kV)，高击穿电压(达 10 kV)、大电流(数千安培)、栅极电荷以及连接电容表征和器件温度特征和GaN器件电流崩溃效应测量功能都十分必要，是推动新器件尽快上市的重要保证。

面对功率器件高压、高流的测试要求，可以使用B1505A和B1506A对芯片、分立器件及模组等功率器件进行全参数测试，包括：

测量所有IV参数(Ron、BV、泄漏、Vth、Vsat等)；
测量高电压3kV偏置下的输入、输出和反向转移电容；
自动CV测试；
测量栅极电荷(Qg)；
电流崩塌测试；
高低温测试功能（-50℃至+250℃）。

一个典型的测试案例如下：

使用B1506A的Datasheet测试功能对某IGBT功率模块进行实测，整个测试过程使用非常简单，在极短的时间内完成IV、CV和Qg参数测试。具体测试步骤如下：

1、选择IGBT测试模板，按照测试要求设置测试条件；

2、设置测试曲线的显示范围；

3、选择需要测试的参数；

4、点击执行测试。

测试完成后，可以生成Datasheet测试报告如下所示，包括IV参数（击穿电压、漏电、开启特性），CV参数（Rg、输入、输出和反向传输电容）和栅极电荷Qg。

实测避坑指南

在实际测量中，工程师会遇到不同的问题和困扰，这里总结了一些常见的可能出现的问题，帮大家在实际工作中避坑。

01 接地单元Ground Unit (GNDU) 连接使用

接地单元不能直接使用，必须通过设备自带的适配器进行连接后，适配器把接地单元的输入转换成Source和Sense，与SMU的输出对应。

02 不单独使用Sense接口去做测试

如果用Sense接口做测试，电流会流经内部电阻Rs，如果DUT电阻小，测量精度会受到影响，Force才是真正驱动输出的接口。

Tips：把Sense作为观测通道，可连接到示波器，观看输出测量的电压变化过程。

03 HFCV 测试的注意事项

a. 连接的线缆必须共地，否则线缆之间的互感影响会导致测量电容的精度下降；

b. CV测量时的Ground不与大地直接相连；

c. 测量的双线连接线，越短越好，减少寄生参量的影响。

04 电流类SMU模块的连接

电流类模块端口定义与功率模块不同，电流类模块是自回流系统，所以连接接口不能直接使用，需要通过Kelvin转接器转成4个接口使用。

05 大电流测试曲线异常

出现大电流测量异常，可能原因包括：

a. 脉冲设置参数不对，如脉宽太短等原因，通过增加脉宽和增加测量时间来修正；

b. 震荡，通过双绞线连接以减小互感；通过对栅极串联电阻的选择以减小信号反射的震荡；通过外加磁环减少互感；通过栅极接50欧姆电阻到地吸收放射信号等方法改善DUT稳定性来消除自激。

06 测试超低电流软件设置

pA/fA级别电流设置，注意事项如下：

a. 测试模式Trace Mode选择精确测试Fine；

b. 增加每点测量时间NPLC,如每点测量时间=50Hz*10=20ms*10=200ms；

c. 增加每点测试延迟时间Delay Time。

07 关于屏蔽，连接等

是德科技半导体参数测试家族

是德科技拥有完整的半导体参数测试方案

包括静态参数测试的B1500A/B1505A/B1506A系列，模块化的E5260A/E5270B系列，动态参数DPT测试的PD1500A/PD1550A系列。

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本文由咪猫转载自是德科技KEYSIGHT公众号，原文标题为:芯片测试大讲堂——半导体参数测试与避坑指南，本站所有转载文章系出于传递更多信息之目的，且明确注明来源，不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系，我们将立即进行删除处理。

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X,N2738A,DSOX3ADVMATH,6551,N9340B-ABJ,8120-5490,8121-1330,N9340B-ABA,2000X,8121-1331,655XA,8120-8767,53100,8120-8768,34941A,6555A,34832A,663XB-120,N2822A,N9340B-AB2,3000TX,33500B,N5,N9330B-ADP,1130A,U2600A,N9340B-PA3,DSOX3EMBD,200,6641A,669XA-0B3,1131.,N2821A,DSOX3MASK,4000 X,5000,N3300,AC6800,6642A,34830A,N7900,N2820A,N2759A,33522A,33522B,1180CZ,663XB-100,DSOX4COMP,N9310A-1T,N9340B-TG3,6643A,N2867A,N2843A,U1401B,N9340B-INM,AC6804A,DSOX3AUDIO,34840B,DSOX4FLEX,669XA-908,669XA-909,N2733A,N2866B,N2733B,3458A-002,DSOX2EMBD,3458A-001,E2695A,DSO1012A,34972A,N9310A-1TC,60001,N2889A,N2756A,6063B-020,N2732A,AC6802A,6000A,U1270,6000X,DSO1014A,U1880A,N9340B-TAD,90000 X,663XB-020,N2779A,N2888A,6000L,DSOX3COMP,E2697A,N2863B,AC6803A,U2751A,34970A,L4411A,6000X,34401A,N9330B-202,N9330B-203,U1881A,N9330B-201,N2778A,N2887A,54826,8120-1689,7000,N2862B,E4980A-710,668XA-208,54830,U1250,DSOXEDK,6571A,681XB-208,N875XA,N2777A,6680A,N8756A,N8732A,N8950A,TPS://WWW.SEKORM.COM/WEB/SEARCH/KEYWORD1163A,E3610-17A,AC6801A,DSOX3FLEX,681XB-200,10070D,N2885A,N2752A,N5440A,E3451B,81180A,U2531A,54600,6572A,E4980AL-100,6681A,N8757A,N2776A,U3402A,N8733A,53147A,8120-2956,N8951A,681XB-230,N2884A,N2751A,N7971A,DSO1102B,6641A-45A,DSOX2COMP,64997A,6682A,U1230,6573A,U3401A,N6773A,B2980A,N8754A,N7970A,N2750A,DCA-J 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X,N577XA,N5449A,DSOXT3DVMCTR,7000B,TPS://WWW.SEKORM.COM/WEB/SEARCH/KEYWORD10076C\,3000 X,U2700 USB,U1177A,N6951A,E363XA-1CM,N2836A-68701,34907A,E3633A,N6733B,E2677A,N9310A-001,N2790A,N675XA,66000A-909,E4980A-301,N8739A,66000A-908,N7954A,10076B,34134A,10076C,U2351A,N5426A,34461A,66319B,8120-4753,N6732B,N6950A,N8957A,E3632A,34906A,N6756A,N6974A,66319D,N9330B-BCG,B2911A,N2111A,8120-5570,N9340B,E2614A,1161A,DSOX3AERO,6632B,8120-5572,N1022B,8120-5573,33250A,54830S,8120-5337,N6735B,N6977A,N6711A,N6953A,661XC-100,1162A,E2615A,6633B,34945EXT,N9330B-BAT,3012T,8120-5342,N6710B,66002A,N6976A,90000Z,N6734B,N6952A,DSOX4WAVEGEN2,90000X,U8031A,663XB-1CM,90000Q,663XB-1CP,34470A,E2616A,N575XA,6634B,8120-6204,661XC-120,90000A,66332A,6651A-55,DSOX2WAVEGEN,34939A,N673XB,1132,1131,82351A,1160A,N2819A,6611C,3034T,N5406A,8120-8871,66000A-0L2,34938A,N6736B,N6954A,N6712A,90000,E5396A,N9320B,6612C,N2818A,E

选型指南 - KEYSIGHT - 2015 - 2015年06月10日 PDF 中文下载

为什么mos管电极会起名为源极栅极和漏极？

功率转换电路中的晶体管的作用非常重要，为进一步实现低损耗与应用尺寸小型化，一直在进行各种改良。如低损耗、高速开关、高温工作等，显而易见这些优势是非常有用的。本文将通过其他功率晶体管的比较，进一步加深对SiC-MOSFET的理解。

技术探讨发布时间 : 2024-06-16

Irvine Comprehensive Comprehensive Electronic Calibration Capability

型号- 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

商品及供应商介绍 - KEYSIGHT - 6/4/07 PDF 英文下载