【技术大神】小晶振大奥秘:32.768KHz无源晶体电路匹配设计
时钟与电源一样,在电路中起到非常重要的作用,晶振如果不稳定,直接影响CPU即整个系统的正常工作,对于设计来说将是失败的。有源晶振设计相对比较简单一些,电路简单,可靠性高。无源晶体设计设计难度高,如果设计不当,可以对产品批量造成很大的困扰。
我在设计一个32位MCU作为工控机协处理的控制器项目时,外接了8M的有源晶振和32.768K的无源晶体。当时采用的是一颗国产插件的32.768K无源时钟,在整个系统运行时,发现这个时钟有些能够起振,有些不起振,在网上查了很多资料,说法各一,也尝试了很多方法,最终还是没法完全解决这个问题。机缘巧合时找到了EPSON的原厂,EPSON根据我的设计需求并结合无源晶体的原理及设计方案,推荐了合适的芯片,最终解决了这个问题。
下面大概复述一下EPSON的32.768KHz无源晶体的原理介绍。如图1所示,Rf和74HCU04为晶振的内部结果,主要通过调整CG和CD来实现频率调整,公式如下:
CL=[(CG x CD)/(CG + CD)] + CS
CS为电路的杂散电容。每颗晶振都是有不同的负载电容CL,只有通过实际计算才能得出电路板的CS,才能最终选取晶振的CL。
图1:32.768K晶振的原理
根据原厂的这个介绍,我们将实际的PCB发给了EPSON,EPSON通过软件测算出了杂散电容,选取相近的CG,CD,最终计算出CL,最后推荐了FC-12D,CL=12.5pF的电容。实际电路板的CS测算出是3.5pF,由于晶振的CL有6pF-15pF不等的值,通过一些系列计算,选取CG=CD=18pF,CL=[(CG x CD)/(CG + CD)] + CS=12.5pF。通过EPSON实际选取的晶振,在进行实际测算,32位MCU再也没有出现不起震的问题了。
电路原理图见图2所示,外接两个18pF电容到地,不用的管脚直接接地。
图2:FC-12D电路原理图
EPSON提高一个免费的服务,即客户提供PCB,EPSON通过软件计算推荐合适的晶振,可以得到如下表1。
表1:晶振选型计算表
最后,根据本次项目经验我总结了在我们对晶振实现选型时的四大注意事项:
1)不管有源晶振还是无源晶体,均需要根据要求选取电压、输出频率、频率误差、输出波形的方式(方波,正弦波,差分等)和工作温度等;
2)在选取无源晶体的时候,对地电容可选取COG等高可靠性的电容,可以增加整个系统的寿命;
3)在选取无源晶体的时候需要注意封装,有贴片和插件的,圆柱形插件的最好直接接地,四脚插件的多余的脚可以悬空,最好也接地处理;
4)布线的时候需要特别注意,晶振属于干扰源,应该越靠近MCU越好,晶振下面最好不要走线。此外,晶振附件不要有一些高速走线,以免受到晶振的干扰。同时晶振还要做好滤波处理,免得影响晶振的输出,高频晶振四周最好用大地包围,对EMI有很大的好处。
EPSON作为全球晶振的第一品牌,能够为客户提供很好的选型支持,提高一流的产品和技术支持,能够解决客户的难题,是你很好的合作伙伴。EPSON 32.768KHz晶振除FC-12D外还有MC146等 32.768KHz晶振,世强现货库存丰富,支持小量快购及批量采购。
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用户14629492 Lv7. 资深专家 2019-03-24支持
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Epson(爱普生)无源晶体/时钟/陀螺仪传感器/有源晶振产品介绍
描述- 本资料对爱普生无源晶体、时钟、陀螺仪传感器、有源晶振等产品进行了介绍。
型号- Q13MC1461000600,TCXO,TG2016,RX8010,RX8130,XV4001,SG-310,RX8026T,X2A000271001200,Q24FA20H00XXXXX,GPM01,SG-3030,FC135,SG3225,FC12M,XV7001,FA-238,X1B000242000100,SG-8018,SG-210STF,X1G005221000800,X1A000061000200,Q22FA23XXXXXXXX,X2A000261000800,GGPM01,X1B000271A00500,X1A000141000300,FA-238A,SG7050,X1E000021048100,Q22FA12800XXXXX,XV-7001BB,TSX-3225,X1E000021016900,X1E000021021800,Q13FC1350000400,XV7011,FA-128,TG-5006,MC146,SG-210,VCXO,VX-7011BB,RX8900,X1B000311000100,X1B000301000200,X1E000021025500,RX8025T,X1A000141000600,RA8900,GGPM01A,X1E0003410XXXXX,Q13MC1462000200,X1B000281000700,Q13FC1350004900
EPSON 32.768KHz无源晶体选型表
EPSON提供无源晶体32.768(kHz Range)以下参数选型,Frequency(kHz):32.768kHz;CL Value(pF):6pF to 22pF;Oper. Temper. Range(°C):-40°C to +85°C,-40°C to +105°C和-40°C to +125°C。
产品型号
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品类
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Model
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Frequency(kHz)
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CL Value(pF)
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Freq.tol. @+25°C(ppm)
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Oper. Temper. Range(°C)
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ESR[MAX](KΩ)
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Drive Level[Max](µW)
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Tumover Temperature(ºC)
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Parabolic Coefficient(°C²)
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Freq.Aging@+25C[Max](ppm)
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Terminal Plating
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X1A000021000200
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无源晶体
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FC-12M
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32.768kHz
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10pF
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+/-20.0ppm
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-40 to +85°C
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≤TBD KΩ
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≤0.5µW
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+25ºC +/-5ºC
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-0.04 x 10^-6/°C²
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+/-3ppm
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Au
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选型表 - EPSON 立即选型
应达利32.768KHz车规级有源晶振SPXO-3225,通过AEC-Q200认证,适用于汽车电子应用
应达利车规级有源钟振SPXO-3225提供32.768KHz频点,3225小尺寸陶瓷封装。工作电压支持1V到5V,符合工业级和车规级晶振要求,被优化用于低电流消耗,且具备在-40°C~+125°C(车规)温度环境中正常工作的能力,适用于汽车电子应用。
星通时频(SCTF)有源晶振选型表
目录- 有源晶振
型号- S7D27.120000D20F30T,S7D3.686400A20F30T,S3D30.000000D20F30T,S5D49.152000A20F30T,S3D49.152000D20F30T,S7D32.000000A20F30T,S7D27.000000B20F30T,S7D16.000000D20F30T,S5D32.000000D20F30T,S3D19.200000A20F30T,S3D50.000000B20F30T,S3D1.843200A20F30T,S7D36.000000B20F30T,S3D11.289600A20F30T,S5D4.096000A20F30T,S7D28.636360D20F30T,S7D11.059200B20F30T,S3D2.048000A20F30T,S5D7.372800D20F30T,S3D6.000000A20F30T,S5D25.000000B20F30T,S7D5.000000D20F30T,S3D4.096000B20F30T,S5D32.768KD20F30T,S5D33.000000D20F30T,S3D12.288000B20F30T,S7D2.000000A20F30T,S3D18.432000A20F30T,S5D29.491200B20F30T,S7D26.000000D20F30T,S7D33.330000B20F30T,S7D54.000000B20F30T,S3D2.457600D20F30T,S5D3.579545B20F30T,S7D4.915200D20F30T,S7D25.000000D20F30T,S5D2.000000D20F30T,S3D48.000000A20F30T,S5D16.000000B20F30T,S3D32.000000B20F30T,S7D8.192000D20F30T,S5D1.000000D20F30T,S5D3.686400B20F30T,S3D32.768KD20F30T,S5D4.000000B20F30T,S5D30.000000A20F30T,S7D4.000000A20F30T,S7D22.118400A20F30T,S3D13.560000A20F30T,S7D45.000000D20F30T,S7D33.333300D20F30T,S3D14.318180B20F30T,S3D22.579200A20F30T,S5D12.288000A20F30T,S7D4.000000D20F30T,S7D1.843200B20F30T,S3D33.000000B20F30T,S7D14.745600B20F30T,S3D48.000000D20F30T,S5D10.000000A20F30T,S5D7.372800B20F30T,S5D26.000000B20F30T,S5D49.1520000B20F30T,S7D54.000000D20F30T,S5D2.000000B20F30T,S7D6.000000D20F30T,S5D24.000000B20F30T,S7D27.000000D20F30T,S7D29.491200B20F30T,S5D22.118400A20F30T,S7D19.200000B20F30T,S3D20.000000A20F30T,S7D14.318180A20F30T,S7D6.144000A20F30T,S5D14.745600B20F30T,S7D8.000000B20F30T,S3D10.000000A20F30T,S3D24.000000B20F30T,S7D1.024000B20F30T,S7D33.000000A20F30T,S3D36.000000A20F30T,S3D4.915200A20F30T,S7D8.192000B20F30T,S7D33.333300B20F30T,S5D4.915200B20F30T,S7D16.000000B20F30T,S5D25.000000D20F30T,S3D2.457600A20F30T,S7D45.000000B20F30T,S3D32.000000D20F30T,S7D1.843200D20F30T,S7D5.000000B20F30T,S5D12.000000A20F30T,S5D50.000000D20F30T,S3D8.000000D20F30T,S3D18.432000D20F30T,S3D20.000000D20F30T,S3D3.579545A20F30T,S7D14.745600D20F30T,S5D1.000000A20F30T,S5D24.000000D20F30T,S7D6.000000B20F30T,S7D49.152000A20F30T,S5D24.576000A20F30T,S5D40.000000A20F30T,S7D16.384000B20F30T,S5D12.288000D20F30T,S7D32.768KB20F30T,S5D27.000000B20F30T,S3D14.318180D20F30T,S7D29.491200D20F30T,S7D8.192000A20F30T,S5D33.333000A20F30T,S3D2.048000D20F30T,S5D3.579545D20F30T,S5D1.000000B20F30T,S5D16.384000B20F30T,S3D26.000000A20F30T,S5D6.000000B20F30T,S3D3.686400B20F30T,S5D2.048000B20F30T,S5D13.560000B20F30T,S5D14.745600D20F30T,S5D11.289600A20F30T,S5D28.636360D20F30T,S3D16.000000B20F30T,S3D25.000000B20F30T,S7D3.686400D20F30T,S5D2.000000A20F30T,S5D19.200000A20F30T,S5D22.579200B20F30T,S7D30.000000A20F30T,S3D11.289600D20F30T,S7D32.768KD20F30T,S5D4.000000D20F30T,S7D4.096000B20F30T,S5D7.372800A20F30T,S5D4.096000D20F30T,S7D5.000000A20F30T,S7D2.457600D20F30T,S7D4.000000B20F30T,S3D33.330000A20F30T,S3D33.333000B20F30T,S5D32.000000A20F30T,S7D50.000000D20F30T,S5D12.288000B20F30T,S3D1.843200D20F30T,S5D36.000000B20F30T,S5D6.144000A20F30T,S3D24.000000D20F30T,S7D11.059200D20F30T,S7D24.576000A20F30T,S3D7.372800B20F30T,S3D33.333000A20F30T,S7D1.000000A20F30T,S3D10.000000B20F30T,S5D24.576000D20F30T,S5D13.560000A20F30T,S5D16.384000A20F30T,S5D2.048000A20F30T,S5D40.000000D20F30T,S5D22.579200A20F30T,S3D27.000000A20F30T,S5D6.144000B20F30T,S3D12.000000A20F30T,S3D14.318180A20F30T,S5D49.1520000D20F30T,S5D6.000000A20F30T,S7D14.745600A20F30T,S7D33.330000A20F30T,S3D22.579200D20F30T,S3D26.000000B20F30T,S5D20.000000D20F30T,S5D24.000000A20F30T,S3D13.560000D20F30T,S5D48.000000A20F30T,S3D7.372800D20F30T,S3D11.059200A20F30T,S7D4.915200B20F30T,S5D32.768KB20F30T,S5D5.000000B20F30T,S3D12.288000D20F30T,S3D27.000000D20F30T,S3D8.192000A20F30T,S3D12.000000B20F30T,S3D10.000000D20F30T,S5D36.000000A20F30T,S5D30.000000B20F30T,S5D8.000000A20F30T,S3D25.000000D20F30T,S5D18.432000B20F30T,S7D40.000000A20F30T,S7D14.318180D20F30T,S7D54.000000A20F30T,S5D19.200000B20F30T,S5D48.000000D20F30T,S3D22.118400A20F30T,S3D49.1520000B20F30T,S7D50.000000A20F30T,S5D8.000000D20F30T,S3D22.118400D20F30T,S7D4.096000A20F30T,S3D29.491200A20F30T,S3D33.333000D20F30T,S5D5.000000D20F30T,S5D18.432000A20F30T,S5D20.000000A20F30T,S5D8.000000B20F30T,S3D16.000000A20F30T,S5D16.384000D20F30T,S5D6.144000D20F30T,S3D33.333300A20F30T,S5D33.000000A20F30T,S5D28.636360B20F30T,S5D32.000000B20F30T,S7D33.330000D20F30T,S3D29.491200B20F30T,S3D3.686400A20F30T,S3D12.000000D20F30T,S7D4.915200A20F30T,S3D22.118400B20F30T,S5D33.000000B20F30T,S5D28.636360A20F30T,S5D6.000000D20F30T,S5D30.000000D20F30T,S7D2.457600B20F30T,S3D1.843200B20F30T,S5D48.000000B20F30T,S3D33.333300B20F30T,S7D2.000000B20F30T,S7D11.289600A20F30T,S7D12.288000B20F30T,S7D50.000000B20F30T,S3D4.915200B20F30T,S3D1.000000A20F30T,S3D6.144000A20F30T,S7D8.000000A20F30T,S7D33.333000D20F30T,S5D19.200000D20F30T,S5D14.745600A20F30T,S3D49.1520000A20F30T,S5D29.491200A20F30T,S3D13.560000B20F30T,S3D16.384000B20F30T,S3D22.579200B20F30T,S3D5.000000B20F30T,S7D2.457600A20F30T,S7D19.660800D20F30T,S7D22.118400B20F30T,S5D33.333000B20F30T,S3D14.745600D20F30T,S5D20.000000B20F30T,S3D26.000000D20F30T,S5D16.000000A20F30T,S7D7.37
【选型】晶光华(JGHC)贴片有源晶振 & 贴片无源晶振(物料型号对照表)选型指南
目录- 有源晶振/无源晶振
型号- S3227000121040,49SAC18080162060,S2126000121080,Y20600327122075,49SAC07600202060,S2232000091050JY,O32125000153325,S5325000201040,M49SAT08000201080,SMD2520,S32080001220500,G53080000850100A,GLASS5032,49SAT04000201080JY,O5326000153325,S2100327121090,49ASC28800202040,S3230000201040,49SAC25000182040,S5327000202040,MC30600327122050,S3224000151060,S3228375201060,O7540000153325,S3227000201040,49ASC60350202040,49SAT25000201040JY,S5312000201080,S53080001510100A,S3240000121060,G53080000830100A,OSC2016,49SAC24000201040,49SBT06745201060,O5316000153325,OSC3225,S3224000151050,49SBT12000181060,M49SAT24000121060,O7512000153325,HC-49S,49SAC16000201060,S3224000121060A,O2200327153325,G5308000201080,49SAC035792020100,49ASC27138152040,O7520000153325,S3224000121060,S2224000121060JY,S5313253201060,O3200327151825,49SAT26000201040JY,G3216000183080,SMD3100327122090,S2224000091060JY,G3212288121080,O5300327153325,O5308000153325,49SAC04096202080,HC-49SMD,S2132000101080,O7527000153325,49SAC04194202080,S5312000202080A,O7512288153325,49SAC16934182060,S3212000121080,O22088001533100,49ASC27000182040,49SBT33868201040,O7550000153325,S32300000651040,S2132000121080,S5319687141040A,S3224000061050,49SAC22118202040,49SBT04000201080,S5313560152040A,S3212000201080,S3232000081040,49ASC26000202040,P7426000091040,S712000201040,49SAC08000202060,O7525000153325,O2100327153325,49SAC24000122040,O3225000153325,S3225000121060,49SAT08000201060,S3216000121060,S2240000101050JY,S32120002010100A,O3237125153325,J3224000091080,49SAC26000152040,49SAC16000222060,49SAT13560161050JY,O3216000153325,HC-49SSMD,O7524000153325,TCO22260002805,Y20600327122040,O5340000153325,S2140000091070JY,49SAC25000122040,S2227120101080,G3232000121060A,O3212288153325,49SAC24545082040JY,O3226000153325,S2132000091080,S5340659081540,49SAC10000201060,S2226000071060,S3224000201060,S3213000201060JY,49SAC27000182040,49SAC20000202040,S2219200121080,PFP7040,49ASC50000201040,O5324000153325,S5318080141040A,49SAC036862020100,O3240000153330JY,S3230000201060,49SBT25000181040,TCXO2520,G3226000161060,O3248000153325,S3237400201040JY,S3226000091060,S3219200071060,S3240000121040,S2240000101050,49ASC40233202030,G3224000102060,TSX22260000781040,S5348000202040,OSC7050,SMD3225,SMD2016,O75100000153325,O2224000153325,S3214318201060,S3227000181040,MC14600327122090,49SAC06745202060,S3250000121060,O3240000153325,S3240000101040,O75125000153325,49SAC36480122040,S724000101030,J3225000121080,S2216000091080,O7502048153325,O5324576153325,S22160000910100JY,O5320000153325,M49SAT26000091060,S3232000091040,49SAC10000132060,S3213253202070,S2132000091070JY,49SAC25000201040,S2226000120860,O5312288153325,S3230000101040,SMD3100327092090,O32540001533525,O2227000153325,Y30800327122075,49SAT14318201060,O3204000153325,SMD6035,49SAC08000182060,49SAC20500202040,O3227000153325,O3200327153320JY,49SAC21250182040,S3212000181080,O3233330153325,49SAC260000852040,O5310000153325,S2226000091060JY,O3232000153325,S3226000081040,49ASC27120102040,S720000202040,O3250000153325,O2250000153325,S2126000091080,G5308000123080,S5324000201040,G3232000121050,S2100327072090,O5327000153325,O5312000153325,S5308000201080,S2225000181060,O2220000153325,O3218432153325,O7508000153325,O22072001533100,S3213560201060,S2124000121080JY,O3220000153325,S3216000091060,S3237400121040,49SAC17950162060,OSC2520,49SBT04904201060,49SAC06000202060,49SBT26000151040,49SAC12000202060,S3224000121060JY,O7533000153325,O75125000LD3320,O7511059153325,S3220000181060,O2224576153325,O5325000153325,49SAC08000163060,49ASC32768202030,S3224576202040,S2250000091050,S3225000151040,49SAC08192202060,M49SAT16000091060,O3206000153325,O2212000153325,S32080002010500,O3224576153325,TSX2226000091040,O3212000153325,49SBT24000181040,S2226000081060,S3219200101060,S3226000121060,O5350000153325,49SAT04000201080,SMD5032,S3224576121060,49SAC13560101060,G3225000201060,S5308000222080,S5308704223080,S5313526142040A,S3212000101080,O2225000153325,O2237125153325,S5313526141060,49SAC11059202060,HC-49SBSMD,S3216000091060JY,TSX2226000071040,Y20624000202050JY,M49SAT12000121060,4SSAC27000202040,49SAC04897202080,S3240000091040JY,49SAC13560201060,S3225000201060,TCO22384001805,S6316000202040,49SAC04000202080,49SAC13598102060,M49SAT27000201060,49SAC16934202060,49SAC08000FS2060,S3232000121040,S2132000081070JY,G3236864062050,J3220000181080,O7524576153325,S2125000101080,S21160000910120JY,S3226000071060,S3218080141080A,S3240000151040,M49SSMD,49SAC27000202030JY,G3226000071060,S3240000101060JY,S2216000121080,49SAC16000182060,O3227000153320JY,49ASC27125202040,S3226000091040JY,G3225000101560A,49SAC14745202060,O7548000153325,S5327000181040,O2248000153325,49SAC16000202060,S3227141201060A,S2240000091050JY,O3230000153325,O32100000153325,O7510000153325,O3224000153325,49SAC20480202040,OSC5032,S3216000201060,G3236864062060A,S2126000091080JY,O5348000153325,49SAC25000202040
有源晶振和无源晶振的区别
无源晶振主要应用在低成本通信设备、玩具及小型电子产品等;有源晶振主要应用在音频及视频设备、工业自动化及控制设备等,本文主要介绍有源晶振和无源晶振的区别。
Epson(爱普生)TSX-3225(X1E000021013900)25MHz 12pF 10ppm无源晶体数据手册
描述- TSX-3225(X1E000021013900)25MHz 12pF 10ppm无源晶体详细规格书。
型号- TSX-3225,X1E000021013900
【技术】有源晶振和无源晶振,到底有哪些区别?
有源晶振和无源晶振,到底有哪些区别?扬兴晶振一分钟带你彻底了解。
Epson(爱普生)MC-146(Q13MC1462000200) 32.768kHz频率范围无源晶振详细数据手册
描述- 32.768kHz MC-146(Q13MC1462000200)无源晶振详细数据手册
型号- Q13MC1461000600,MC146,Q13MC1461001711,Q13MC1461000200,Q13MC1461000111,Q13MC1461000100,MC-146 32.768KHZ,MC-146 32.768K,MC-146,Q13MC1462000200,Q13MC1462000100,Q13MC1462000111,Q13MC1462001111,MC-146 32.768000KHZ
【选型】24MHz无源晶体X1E000021090400助力工业触摸屏主控MCU设计,精度±10ppm
为保证工业触摸屏主控MCU实现高稳定性工作,需要一颗外置的24MHz高精度无源晶体,推荐选择EPSON TSX-3225系列无源晶体X1E000021090400,采用3225封装,额定频率24MHz,负载电容20pF,常温25℃条件下精度±10ppm。
Epson(爱普生)SG-3030CM(X1B0002110001XX)32.768kHz频率范围有源晶振数据手册
描述- 32.768kHz SG-3030CM(X1B0002110001XX)有源晶振数据手册
型号- SG-3030CM,SG-3030CM 32.768000 KHZ,SG-3030CM 32.768KHZ,X1B000211000100,X1B000211000111,X1B0002110001XX,SG3030CM,SG-3030CM 32.768000 KHZ B,SG-3030CM 32.768K,X1B0002110001,SG-3030CM32.768000KHZB
【选型】爱普生16MHz高精度无源晶体助力无线门磁主控MCU设计,采用小尺寸封装,精度±10ppm
为保证无线门磁主控MCU实现高稳定性工作,一般需要一颗外置的16MHz高精度无源晶体设计,推荐选择EPSON(爱普生)TSX-3225系列无源晶体X1E000021001900,采用3225封装,4pin,额定频率16MHz,负载电容9pF。
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提供CE测试服务,通过晶体回路匹配分析,给出测试报告。支持EPSON所有MHz无源晶体、32.768KHz晶体。支持到场/视频直播测试,资深专家全程指导。
实验室地址: 深圳/上海 提交需求>
测试范围:扬兴晶振全系列晶体,通过对晶体回路匹配分析,调整频率、驱动功率和起振能力,解决频偏、不起振、干扰、频率错误等问题。技术专家免费分析,测完如有问题,会进一步晶振烧录/修改电路。
实验室地址: 深圳 提交需求>
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