Why does a Single-chip Microcomputer Need a Crystal Oscillator?
First of all, one of the necessary conditions for a single-chip microcomputer to work normally is the clock circuit, so the single-chip microcomputer needs a crystal oscillator very much.
Crystal oscillator, whose full name is a quartz crystal oscillator, is a kind of oscillator with high precision and stability. Through a certain external circuit, it can generate a sine wave with stable frequency and peak value. When the single chip microcomputer is running, it needs a pulse signal as the trigger signal of its execution instructions. It can be simply imagined as follows: when the single chip microcomputer receives a pulse, it will execute one or more instructions.
Why does singlechip need a crystal oscillator？
When the single chip microcomputer works, it takes instructions from the ROM one by one, and then executes them step by step. The time when a single chip computer accesses a memory is called a machine cycle, which is a time benchmark. A machine cycle includes 12 clock cycles. If a single chip computer chooses a 12MHz crystal oscillator, its clock period is 1/12μs, and its machine period is 12 × (1/12) μs, that is 1μS.
Among all the instructions of the MCS-51 single-chip microcomputer, some of them are completed relatively fast, as long as one machine cycle is enough, and some of them are completed relatively quickly, which requires two machine cycles and two instructions require four machine cycles. To measure the execution time of instructions, a new concept, the instruction cycle, is introduced. The so-called instruction cycle refers to the time when an instruction is executed. For example, when it is necessary to calculate the time required for djnz instruction to complete, the frequency of the crystal oscillator must be known first. If the crystal oscillator used is 12V Hz, then a machine cycle is 1μS. The djnz instruction is a two cycle instruction, so it executes 2μs once. If the instruction needs to be executed 500 times, exactly 1000 μS, that is, 1 ms.
The machine cycle is not only of great significance for instruction execution but also the time benchmark of the timer and counter. For example, if a single-chip microcomputer chooses a 12MHz crystal oscillator when the timer value is increased by 1, the actual elapsed time is 1μS, which is the timing principle of the single-chip microcomputer.
Crystal oscillator provides the working signal pulse for MCU. This pulse is the working speed of the single chip microcomputer. For example, a 12 trillion crystal oscillator. The speed of single chip microcomputer is 12 megabits per second. There are crystal oscillator in the single chip microcomputer. With an external crystal oscillator, the frequency can be more stable.
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Silicon Labs（芯科科技）产品选型指南
目录- 8-bit Microcontrollers 32-bit Microcontrollers High-performance analog products wireless ICs, SoCs and modules Sensors Interface chip Timing products Isolation products Audio products Video products Voice products Data products Development Tools
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晶光华（JGHC）晶振选型指南（中文）
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Key features include: Built-in graphics operations allow user with little expertise to create high-quality display Widget support can offload the system MCU and provide a variety of advanced graphic capabilities and efficiencies Integrated with 4-wire touch-screen controller and CTPM through I²C interface for providing complete GUI experience Serial interfaces to host MCU with QSPI (FT81X only), SPI or I2C for lower pin count and system cost Programmable interrupt controller provides maximum flexibility with host MCU Internal 12MHz oscillator within +/- 5.6% accuracy; integrated clock multiplier and system clock out function (48 or 36MHz) Clock switch command to switch internal or external oscillator with 12MHz crystal, or external 12MHz clock input for better clock requirement LCD display support for SVGA (800×600) (FT81X only), WQVGA (480×272) and QVGA (320×240) supporting data enable mode and VSYNC/HSYNC modes Audio channel output via PWM output Sound synthesizer Low power consumption Flexible power mode control including power down, sleep and standby states Supports host interface I/O voltage from 1.62V to 3.63V Supports extended temperature range, -40 to 85 C, to address a wide range of market applications Low internal voltage regulator supplies 1.2V to the digital core, enabling low power operation
技术问答 发布时间 : 2024-06-28
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Key features include: Built-in graphics operations allow user with little expertise to create high-quality display Widget support can offload the system MCU and provide a variety of advanced graphic capabilities and efficiencies Integrated with 4-wire touch-screen controller for providing complete GUI experience Serial interfaces to host MCU with SPI or I2C for lower pin count and system cost Programmable interrupt controller provides maximum flexibility with host MCU Internal 12MHz oscillator within +/5.6% accuracy; integrated clock multiplier and system clock out function (48 or 36MHz) Clock switch command to switch internal or external oscillator with 12MHz crystal, or external 12MHz clock input for better clock requirement LCD display support for WQVGA (480x272) and QVGA (320x240) supporting data enable mode and VSYNC/HSYNC modes Audio channel output via PWM output Sound synthesizer Low power consumption Flexible power mode control including power down, sleep and standby states Supports host interface I/O voltage from 1.62V to 3.63V Supports extended temperature range, -40 to 85 C, to address a wide range of market applications Low internal voltage regulator supplies 1.2V to the digital core, enabling low power operation
技术问答 发布时间 : 2024-06-13
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