Digital Isolator Selection Starts with a Good Understanding of Datasheet
Digital isolators now enjoy increasingly greater popularity than optocouplers. Will you choose a digital isolator? Since digital isolators provide the same functions with optocouplers, these two device categories have many similar parameters, but also different ones. This article will talk about how to select a digital isolator using its datasheet.
Explore further after the datasheet reading
When it comes to device selection, it’s advisable to turn to the datasheet. Speaking of the datasheet, here may be a slight digression. Previously, Chinese chip makers didn’t give due attention to the datasheet, and it’s not easy to access the datasheet of a device. Now the datasheets of many products are easily available on the official website of the corresponding manufacturer. This reflects that Chinese chip makers dare to “battle” with global manufacturers in device parameters.
Datasheet can be seen as the instruction manual of a device. Generally, the instruction manual of a product is devised progressively, from overview to detailed parameters and then to the do’s and don’ts. This is also true of a datasheet. However, the datasheet has its specific format, which includes an introduction, key parameters, safety approvals (isolators can affect safety, so safety approvals are mandatory), applications, basic device information (package and size), and block diagrams.
Accordingly, we should gradually determine the requirements and narrow the scope of selection. When we have a datasheet, the first step is to read the overview on Page 1, which is a summary of the product typically including parameters and an introduction. It allows us to have a fast understanding of the performance indicators of the chip in a short time. Product selection and prototype verification are often the most time-consuming part of system design. Therefore, a detailed reading and understanding of the overview section is very helpful for our early-stage screening of devices.
Afterward, we should have a clear picture of the application’s specific requirements and evolution trajectory. A datasheet typically lists suitable applications, such as automotive, photovoltaic, motor, and industrial automation, etc.
We have got a general picture of the product from the above-mentioned section of the datasheet. To select an ideal device for an application, more details are required. Here comes what we will talk about next – What parameters of digital isolator should be focused on?
Look into the whole story behind the parameters
For a digital isolator, what parameters are important enough to warrant attention? To avoid talking on paper level, we asked Ye Jian, Product Line Director, of NOVOSENSE, to share his insights. Having worked in the isolator field for years, Ye has fully witnessed how digital isolators replace optocouplers. Taking NSI82xx-Q1SWWR high-reliability multi-channel ultra-wide-body digital isolators for example, he explained the datasheet of digital isolators in detail.
Although a datasheet lists an array of parameters that may leave you at a loss, such as insulation voltage, CMTI, package, data rate, power consumption, and ESD, Ye identified the items that should be given great attention. Specifically, he listed the following seven key parameters (in no particular order) using NOVOSENSE products as an example.
First, insulation voltage. The isolator is a device that is required to comply with safety regulations, so the isolator selection must be made around safety. Insulation voltage is the most important influencing factor of safety. For example, NOVOSENSE offers a range of basic and enhanced isolators that feature different withstand voltage ranges, to meet different system requirements of customers.
Second, ESD. ESD protection is an important contributor to the high reliability of isolators. For the vast majority of chips, ESD immunity is a must-have property, but the capability level requirement depends. Isolators are placed in high-voltage environments, usually, the high-low voltage interface in the system, so ESD immunity is also extremely important. NOVOSENSE isolators provide HBM withstand voltage of up to 8kV, the highest chip-level HBM ESD.
Third, CMTI. It is another key parameter of the isolator, which measures a chip’s capability to resist transient interference, that is, the device’s robustness in system applications. CMTI refers to the maximum tolerable rate of short time voltage rise or falls to the value that can destroy the output state of the driver. The transient interference is caused by the high DV/DT on the switching node. If the CMTI capability is insufficient, output error or even a short circuit may occur, affecting the system's safety. The CMTI of isolators from NOVOSENSE is mainly ±200kV/μs, and can even reach ±250kV/μs in some models.
Fourth, package. The package here is more than body size and is also related to such parameters as withstand voltage and safe creepage. Different chips will be provided depending on customer requirements or system requirements, but the ultimate objective must be meeting the safety requirements in a smaller and higher-integration package. For example, NOVOSENSE provides different package types including SOP, SOW, and SOWW to answer different safety requirements, which will be elaborated on later.
Fifth, data rate and propagation delay. Data rate is an indicator of whether a digital isolator is high-performance, which can be up to hundreds of Mbps or even Gbps level. Different communication standards and interfaces have different requirements for data rate, which need to be carefully checked. However, Ye also underlined that data rate, be it 1Mbps or 150Mbps, has a small impact on the device cost. That’s why NOVOSENSE does not provide more product categories by data rate. Instead, all digital isolators from NOVOSENSE provide a data rate of 150Mbps, which can meet the requirements of the majority of applications. In addition to data rate, there will also be detailed parameters related to timing in the datasheet, which should also be taken into consideration in the system design.
Sixth, power consumption. According to Ye, the power consumption of digital isolators has been greatly reduced, relative to optocouplers. Therefore, the power consumption requirement is relatively small, but the datasheet will still describe the power consumption level under various conditions.
Seventh,
operating temperature. Operating temperature is strongly linked to
applications. For example, there are four grades of automotive digital
isolators, from Grade 0 to Grade 3, which pose different operating
temperature requirements. A Grade 0 device is required to cover the
temperature range of -40℃-150℃. Industrial digital isolators have
different temperature requirements depending on applications, and the
maximum requirement is typically -40℃-150℃. These are described in
detail in the datasheet.
How can the package make a difference?
As stressed by Ye, the package can make a very big difference for isolators. The main reason is that the package size can directly affect the withstand voltage capability of a device. Therefore, particular attention needs to be paid to the package. All desire compact devices, but the realization of higher isolation voltage requires a wider-body package. NOVOSENSE has introduced regular packages, wide-body packages, and ultra-wide-body packages. The advantages of ultra-wide-body package are mainly reflected in two parameters – creepage of 15mm, and isolated withstand voltage of 8 kVRMS. Enhanced isolators can provide an insulation level comparable to two basic isolators connected in series. This makes enhanced isolators a perfect choice for some special applications, for example, photovoltaic inverters.
In short, a larger package will allow higher isolation voltage specifications. If you can choose a smaller package to meet the regulatory requirements for the system, the smaller package undoubtedly helps reduce the footprint on board and costs. In addition, you need to consider how many isolation channels the communication interface requires, because the higher the number of channels is, the more important the package type will be.
Clearance and creepage are two different parameters. Clearance is the shortest spatial distance measured between two conductive parts or between a conductive part and the device interface. Creepage refers to the shortest distance between two conductive parts or between a conductive part and the device interface measured along the insulating surface.
Clearance and creepage can be affected by environmental pollution levels, altitude, and CTI. Particularly in solar and wind power and other continuously operating applications in harsh field conditions, altitude, and pollution have a very high impact on clearance and creepage. How can the clearance and creepage requirements be met while reducing the overall size? The CTI of NOVOSENSE products reaches 600V, which can minimize the creepage requirements of the system, thus reducing the system size.
Safety standards are crucial
Meeting the parameter specifications alone does not mean the end of isolator selection, and due attention needs to be paid to safety approvals. Isolator is a safety related device, so safety approvals are often shown in the most visible position. For example, the first page of a NOVOSENSE datasheet gives the safety approvals of the device, including UL1577, CQC, CSA, and VDE. The reason why certification standards matter greatly is that manufacturers can easily obtain the system safety approvals provided that they select products that have won safety certification so that their systems can be used and sold worldwide with great confidence.
UL1577 standard is a key component level certification requirement for digital isolators and applies to optocouplers, magnetic isolators, and capacitive isolators. To obtain the UL1577 approval, a device must withstand the isolation voltage VISO (specified by the manufacturer, usually 2.5kVRMS or 5kVRMS) for 1 minute. The standard also provides that isolators are required to pass 100% production tests using 120% isolation voltage for 1 second.
In addition, digital isolators also need to refer to regional safety certification standards, such as CQC, CSA, and VDE. Behind the safety approvals are strict test procedures. A device is required to pass the aging test, high withstand voltage test, sampling test, extended temperature test, life test, and others. It’s especially noted that a complete cycle of life test lasts more than half a year.
Passing certification tests of agencies does not mean a once-and-for-all thing. When a device is put into mass production, each product needs to be tested. For example, each isolator from NOVOSENSE has passed a high-voltage test at the factory, and batch sampling tests are carried out every quarter. The complete testing procedures help ensure the safety and reliability of isolators.
Closing remarks
The following sections of a datasheet include specific pin layout diagrams, property parameters, description of details, detailed measured results, application notes, package size diagram, and certification guide, providing references for engineers in different stages of system design.
Since isolators are not master chips, there are not many do’s and don’ts in their service. For products like the main processor, their datasheet may have hundreds of pages. As the isolator is safety-critical, engineers need to read all the relevant information carefully and fully.
In the analysis of the datasheet from NOVOSENSE, we have understood how important the key parameters of digital isolators are in product selection, and have got a basic knowledge of safety standards. We also have seen the obvious progress of devices from NOVOSENSE and Chinese chip makers at large. This is attributable to NOVOSENSE’s ongoing R&D investment, and its product development approach of getting close to applications and market requirements.
In a nutshell, if you want to use a product or technology well, the first step is to understand it, and the best way to do so is to read its datasheet.
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本文由玄子转载自NOVOSENSE News,原文标题为:Digital isolator selection starts with a good understanding of datasheet,本站所有转载文章系出于传递更多信息之目的,且明确注明来源,不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
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π120M1/π122M1增强型ESD、1.5 kV RMS 10Mbps双通道数字隔离器
描述- 该资料介绍了2Pai Semi公司的π120M1/π122M1双通道数字隔离器。这些产品采用成熟的半导体CMOS技术和2PaiSEMI的iDivider®技术,提供卓越的性能和可靠性。它们具有低功耗、高数据速率、宽温度范围和高ESD防护能力,适用于各种隔离应用。
型号- Π122M1,Π120M1,Π12XM11,Π12XM10,Π1XXXXX,Π122M11,Π122MXX,PAI1XXXXX,Π120M11,Π120MXX,Π120M10,Π12XM1X,Π122M10,Π120M1X,Π122M1X,Π120XXX,Π(1)(2)(0)(A)(3)(0)(S)
π140M/π141M/π142M增强型ESD、3.0 kV rms/5.0 kV rms 10Mbps四通道数字隔离器
描述- 本资料介绍了2Pai Semi公司生产的增强型ESD数字隔离器产品,型号为π140M/π141M/π142M。这些产品采用创新的iDivider®技术,具有低功耗、高数据速率、高共模瞬态免疫能力等特点。它们适用于多种隔离应用,如通用多通道隔离、工业现场总线隔离、工业自动化系统、隔离开关模式电源等。
型号- Π140X6X,Π1XXX3X,Π140M31S,Π140M3X,Π14XM3X,Π142MXX,Π142M,Π141M31,Π141M30,Π140M61,Π140M60,Π14XX3X,Π142XXX,Π(1)(2)(0)(A)(3)(0)(S),Π141X3X,Π14XMX0,Π14XMX1,Π14XM60,Π14XM61,Π141M3X,Π142M30,Π140M30S,Π142M31,Π140M6X,Π140M,Π140MXX,Π141M,Π141M61,Π141M60,Π141X6X,Π142X3X,Π142M30S,Π142M60,Π142M61,PAI1XXXXX,Π141M6X,Π142M3X,Π140XXX,Π142X6X,Π141M30S,Π1XXX6X,Π1XXXXX,Π14XMXX,Π14XM6X,Π142M31S,Π141MXX,Π142M6X,Π140M31,Π140M30,Π14XX6X,Π141XXX,Π141M31S,Π140X3X
QXW720单通道高速15 MBD CMOS光耦
描述- 该资料介绍了QXW720单通道高速15 MBd CMOS光电耦合器。这款光电耦合器采用最新的CMOS集成电路技术,具有低功耗、高速度的特点。其主要功能包括消除地环路、数字现场总线隔离(如RS485、RS232、CANbus)、多路复用数据传输等。
型号- QXW720-UNY-W,QXW720
电子商城
品牌:荣湃半导体
品类:LED EMULATOR INPUTOPEN COLLECTOR OUTPUT ISOLATORS
价格:¥1.7500
现货: 165
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