Few Tips for Proper Oscillating Circuit Design
The function of a quartz crystal resonator is locking and determines the oscillation frequency of an oscillating circuit which is widely used in electronic industries. Proper circuit design and components configuration is crucial to the stability of oscillating circuits with quartz crystal resonators overtime.
How can we know the oscillating circuit using a crystal resonator is properly designed? What shall hardware engineers consider? Interquip Electronics, the manufacturer of quartz crystal resonators and Oscillators, would like to share some basic tips:
Negative Resistance
Drive Level
On-board oscillating frequency
Negative Resistance of the oscillating circuit
Negative resistance (-R) is a parameter of an oscillating circuit that is determined by the gain and terminated capacitances which shall be large enough to ensure a reliable oscillation.
According to the basic rule, the negative feedback loop gain of an oscillation circuit shall be greater than 1 to sustain an oscillation. |-R| divided by Rr represents the negative gain of the oscillating circuit approximately. The recommendations from IEC60444-6 is |-R| / Rr shall be greater than or equal to 3 for reliable oscillation and Rr shall be the maximum Rr in all circumstances. Interquip Electronics recommends 5 times or more which has a better design margin.
The Drive Level of the oscillation circuit
A quartz crystal resonator is a piezoelectric device. The piezoelectric effect provides a coupling between the mechanical properties of a piezoelectric crystal and an electrical circuit. Below is the bulk acoustic wave mode of an AT cut quartz crystal resonator,
The mechanical displacement is proportional to the drive level (power) applied. It induces stress and causes irreversible damage over time in some circumstances if the drive level is extremely large. 1uW to 100uW is recommended for AT cut Mhz quartz crystal resonators in general.
The drive level is equal to,
DL=Ix2*RL
RL: Load resistance, which is equal to Rr(1+C0/CL)²
Ix: the current goes through the quartz crystal resonator
C0: Shunt capacitance of quartz crystal resonator
CL: equivalent load capacitance
Ix is the current go thru the quartz crystal resonator which could be measured using a high-frequency current probe.
On board oscillation frequency
The on board oscillating frequency is determined by the quartz crystal resonator characteristic and the on board equivalent load capacitance. The on board equivalent load capacitance CPCB is related to Cg/Cd, terminal capacitance of the integrated circuit (CIC), and stray capacitance (Cs) on board as below:
CPCB= (Cg + CIC)×(Cd + CIC)/(Cg + Cd + 2 x CIC) + Cs
The quartz crystal resonator frequency is load capacitance (CL) dependent. It is tuned by the manufacturer to the desired tolerance per specification. The on board oscillating frequency shall be within the frequency tolerance when the on board equivalent load capacitance is the same as the CL specification of the quartz crystal resonator. Otherwise, the on board oscillating frequency will deviate from the nominal frequency. If that happens, adjust Cg and Cd when necessary.
In addition, it shall be caution when measuring the on board oscillating frequency. The probe capacitance could be part of the on board equivalent load capacitance that contributes to measurement error. A non-contact measurement using a spectrum analyzer or equivalent is recommended.
In short, engineers shall verify the negative resistance of the oscillating circuit, the drive level, and the on-board oscillating frequency when the design of the oscillation circuit is determined. Adjust the circuit component to optimize the performance and lower the risk when necessary.
Interquip Electronics is a comprehensive high-tech enterprise in R&D, manufacturing and marketing high precision Quartz Crystal Resonators (including self-developed material SMCM series, Thermistor Crystals, and 32.768KHz Tuning Fork Crystals) and Oscillators (including TCXO, VCXO, LVDS output waveform SPXO/LVPECL output waveform SPXO, programmable Oscillators etc.). The size of crystal resonators and oscillators ranges from 1.2 x 1.0mm to 5.0 x 3.2 mm package, with frequencies available from 32.768KHz to 200MHz. The frequency components produced can be widely applied in 5G Smart Home, Smart Wear, IoT, IoV, Consumer Electronics, Telemedicine, Automotive Electronics (conforms to AEC-Q200), Communication Industry, Security Applications, Industrial Equipment, and other industries.
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本文由玄子转载自Interquip News，原文标题为:What is the function of Crystal Resonator in an Oscillation circuit? Few tips for oscillating circu，本站所有转载文章系出于传递更多信息之目的，且明确注明来源，不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系，我们将立即进行删除处理。
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Quartz Crystal Resonators Quartz Crystal Oscillators
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X1G0054210207XX温度补偿晶体振荡器（TCXO）
本资料介绍了Epson公司生产的TG2016SMN和TG2520SMN型号的高稳定性温度补偿晶体振荡器（TCXO）。该产品具有高稳定性和低相位噪声的特点，适用于无线通信设备、物联网等领域。资料详细说明了产品的技术规格、操作条件、频率特性、电气特性以及包装信息。
EPSON - 高稳定性TCXO,TCXO,HIGH STABILITY AND LOW PHASE NOISE TCXOS,高稳定低相噪TCXO,HIGH STABILITY AND LOW PHASE NOISE TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR,TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR,HIGH STABILITY AND LOW PHASE NOISE TCXO,温度补偿晶体振荡器,HIGH STABILITY TCXO,高稳定性低相位噪声温度补偿晶体振荡器,TG2016SMN26.000000MHZECGNNM,X1G005441021225,X1G005441021425,X1G005441XXXXXX,X1G005421031627,X1G005441021625,X1G005421031227,TG2016SMN,X1G005441031625,X1G005421031427,X1G005421XXXXXX,X1G005441031425,X1G005441031225,X1G005421021627,X1G005421021427,X1G005421021227,X1G005421030827,X1G005441020225,X1G005441020425,X1G005421030427,X1G005441020625,TG2520SMN40.000000MHZECGNNM,X1G005441030825,X1G005421030627,TG2520SMN,X1G005441020825,X1G005441030625,X1G005421030227,X1G005441030425,X1G005441030225,X1G005421032127,X1G005441032125,X1G005421020827,X1G005421020627,X1G005421020427,X1G0054210207XX,X1G005421020227,X1G005421022127,X1G005441022125,X1G005441021325,X1G005441021525,X1G005421031527,X1G005421031127,X1G005421031327,X1G005441031525,X1G005441031325,X1G005441031125,X1G005421021527,X1G005421021327,X1G005421021127,X1G005441021125,X1G005441020125,X1G005441020325,X1G005441020525,X1G005421030527,X1G005441020725,X1G005421030727,X1G005421030127,X1G005441030725,X1G005421032227,X1G005421030327,X1G005441030525,X1G005441030325,X1G005441030125,X1G005441032225,X1G005421032027,X1G005441032025,X1G005421020727,X1G005421020527,X1G005421020327,X1G005421020127,X1G005421022227,X1G005441022025,X1G005441022225,X1G005421022027,WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICES,WI-FI,GNSS,射频,WIMAX,无线通信设备,无线局域网,IOT,RF,全球导航卫星系统,物联网,LTE,W-LAN
英特奎普电子有限公司公司简介
应达利 - TCXO,晶体震荡器,CRYSTAL OSCILLATORS,32.768KHZ TUNING FORK,音叉晶体,VCTCXO,VCXO,振荡器,OSCILLATOR,石英晶体谐振器,缝焊晶体,AT CUT CRYSTALS,结晶体,热敏电阻晶体,OSC,SEAM WELDED CRYSTALS,32.768KHZ音叉,QUARTZ CRYSTAL RESONATOR,QUARTZ CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR,CRYSTALS,TUNING FORK CRYSTAL,在切割晶体时,晶体谐振器,自材料晶体,CRYSTAL RESONATORS,SPXO,THERMISTOR CRYSTALS,SELF-MATERIAL CRYSTALS,石英晶体振荡器,TCXO,SMAC SERIES,TC800 SERIES,VT800 SERIES,SMCE-1210,SPXO-1612,163-E SERIES,163-F SERIES,160-B SERIES,TC900,VT900,SMCE,TC950 SERIES,149-B SERIES,SMCE-1008,VC800 SERIES,VXCO-2016,TCXO SERIES,163-B,TCXO-1612,163-F,SMLF SERIES,163-E,165-B,VC800,SPXO,THR-1612,VT953 SERIES,THR SERIES,VCXO-1612,168-B SERIES,165-B SERIES,VCTCXO,VCXO,SMCM-1612,THR-2016,VC900 SERIES,VT900 SERIES,TC800,VT800,49B SERIES,SMAC,VCXO-2016,49B,49S SERIES,THR,49N SERIES,149-B,SMCM,168-B,49N,163-B SERIES,160-B,49S,VCXO SERIES,SMLF,VC900,TC900 SERIES,TC950,VT953,SMCM SERIES,SMCE SERIES,医学,安防,汽车,通讯,INDUSTRIAL,消费电子,SECURITY,集成电路,AUTOMOTIVE,CONSUMER ELECTRONICS,CONSUMER,消费者,MEDICAL,IC,工业,COMMUNICATION
TAITIEN‘s Ultra-low Current Crystal Oscillators OZ-D/OY-D, with 1.4μA Current Consumption and 32.768kHz Frequency, Used in Wearables and the IoT Field
TAITIEN ‘s newly launched ultra-low current crystal oscillators feature current consumption that is less than 1.4μA and can run on an ultra-low voltage of 1.5V. The low current represents a significant decrease in current consumption of more than 90% from the 32.768kHz oscillators used in the past.
TCXO 2520（TC900系列）产品介绍
该资料介绍了INTERQUIP ELECTRONICS (SHENZHEN) CO., LTD.生产的TCXO2520（TC900SERIES）系列产品。这些产品具有小型化、高可靠性的特性，适用于各种电子设备。
应达利 - TCXO,SMD TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED QUARTZ CRYSTAL OSCILLATORS,贴片温度补偿石英晶体振荡器,TC900 SERIES,TC900,TCXO 2520
电子商城
品牌：应达利
品类：Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillators
价格：￥5.0000
现货： 0
品牌：EPSON
品类：Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator
价格：￥3.4249
现货： 58,204
品牌：EPSON
品类：Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator
价格：￥3.4249
现货： 25,913
品牌：EPSON
品类：Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator
价格：￥15.1657
现货： 22,234
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