Composite Bonding with Plexus® MMA Adhesives, Reducing Weight and Providing Outstanding Durability
Introduction
In the world of advanced materials, composite structures have emerged as game-changers, offering superior strength, lightweight properties, and endless design possibilities. From wind blades and automotive to marine and construction sectors, composites, especially carbon fiber, have revolutionized the way we design and build structures. One crucial aspect of working with composites is how to join or add components to them. This is where Plexus MMA Adhesives (methyl methacrylate or acrylic) emerge as a leading bonding solution. This blog will delve into the exceptional qualities of Plexus MMA acrylic adhesives and their role in creating durable, high performance bonds between composite materials, aluminum, and carbon fiber.
What is Composite Bonding?
Composite bonding is the process of joining two or more composite materials, such as fiber reinforced plastics (FRPs), composites that require a mold release, or carbon fiber to create a unified structure. FRPs are widely used, and Plexus MMA adhesives have been trusted for structural composite bonding for decades. Often times composites will utilize mold release to help with processing. This mold release can be either incorporated within the composite (internal) or used on the surface (external). For many adhesives this presents an insurmountable issue – but not for Plexus.
For composites with internal or external mold release, minimal to no preparation is required before bonding. For optimal results, a simple abrasion or solvent wipe is sufficient. However, Plexus methacrylate adhesives are designed to bond to the most difficult composite surfaces with little to no preparation or primers. Carbon fiber composites are widely regarded as one of the strongest and lightweight materials available. Carbon fiber bonding requires adhesives that can withstand high-stress levels, temperature variations, and dynamic loads. Plexus MMA adhesives are an excellent choice in carbon fiber bonding applications, delivering robust and durable bonds.
Bonding Composite to Metal
Combining dissimilar materials, such as aluminum and carbon fiber, presents unique challenges. Plexus MMA adhesives excel in this area, serving as the ideal adhesive solution for composite to metal bonding. These adhesives possess excellent adhesion properties to both carbon fiber and aluminum surfaces, resulting in robust, lightweight, and corrosion resistant bonds. Whether it’s marine or automotive applications, the versatility of Plexus MMA adhesives enables the creation of high-performance structures that bridge the gap between materials.
Designed for Real World Applications
There are many other advantages to utilizing Plexus MMA adhesives for composite bonding. One of the most important benefits is that these adhesives distribute stress evenly across the bonded area, reducing stress concentrations that can lead to structural failures. Another is the elimination of mechanical fasteners reducing weight, improving weight, and aerodynamics, making them ideal for applications where weight reduction is critical. Additionally, composite adhesive bonding provides excellent fatigue and environmental resistance, thermal insulation, vibration damping properties, ease of use, and rapid curing, further enhancing the performance and longevity of the composite structure. Plexus MMA adhesives also have a large variety of open times best suited to many different applications.
One common question that arises when considering composite bonding is, “How long does the bond last?” The longevity of a bonded composite structure depends on various factors, such as adhesive selection, surface preparation, environmental conditions, and proper application techniques. Plexus MMA adhesives are known for their outstanding durability, providing long-term stability and resistance to extreme environmental factors, including temperature fluctuations, moisture, and chemical exposure. When applied correctly, the bond created by Plexus MMA adhesives can withstand the test of time and will typically be stronger than the composite itself.
Conclusion
Plexus MMA adhesives have cemented their position as the go-to choice for composite bonding. With their exceptional strength, durability, and versatility, they enable engineers and manufacturers to unlock the full potential of composite materials. Whether bonding standard composites, bonding aluminum to carbon fiber, or joining composites to other metals, Plexus adhesives provide a reliable and permanent solution. Trust in their reliability and witness the transformation of your projects into outstanding, high-performance creations.
- |
- +1 赞 0
- 收藏
- 评论 0
本文由玄子转载自ITW Products,原文标题为:Composite Bonding with Plexus® MMA Adhesives,本站所有转载文章系出于传递更多信息之目的,且明确注明来源,不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
相关推荐
Structural Adhesive Bonding in Composite Recreational Boat Building: The Methacrylate Advantage
Structural adhesive bonding, particularly with methacrylate adhesives, has transformed the composite recreational boat building industry. The combination of superior bond strength, durability, flexibility, and ease of application makes methacrylates an ideal choice for boat builders aiming for high performance and longevity.
应用方案 发布时间 : 2024-09-30
Use of Adhesives in an EV Battery
Adhesive technology is an important component of EV battery pack manufacturing. ITW Performance Polymers offers a full range of globally available adhesives to meet all critical battery requirements.
应用方案 发布时间 : 2024-03-09
Exciting Developments of E-mobility Bring New Possibilities for Adhesive Applications
The construction of electric vehicles and high-voltage batteries opens up previously unimagined possibilities—particularly for adhesive applications. Jowat’s goal is to continue being innovative and to provide the best bonding solutions for the dynamic automotive industry.
应用方案 发布时间 : 2024-01-11
德聚(CollTech)胶粘剂产品选型指南(英文)
目录- Introduction of CollTech One/Two Part Epoxy Adhesives Acrylate UV Adhesives Underfill Materials/Hot Melt Adhesives/Coating Materials Thermal Conductive Adhesives/Conductive Adhesives/Thermal Greases Thermal Gels/Silicone Potting Materials Silicone Sealants/Polyurethane Sealants Adhesives for Structural Bonding/Instant Adhesives Product Applications
型号- N-SIL 8700,N-PU 5100,EW 6312,N-PU 5103,PW 1164,N-PU 5105,N-PU 5107,PW 1442,PW 2133,PW 1446,PW 1209,N-SIL 8275,PW 1206,PW 1448,N-SIL 8276,N-SIL 8552,EW 6609,EW 6608,N-SIL 8715,EW 6328,EW 6326,PW 1292,CT 7251H,EW 6320,PW 1451,N-SIL 8201,N-SIL 8206,N-SIL 8725,CT 7255B,EW 6658,EW 6657,N-SIL 8608,CT 7261,CT 7260,PW 2990,EW 6650,PW 1023,PW 1304,PW 1422,N-SIL 8210,N-SIL 8332,N-SIL 8215,N-SIL 8336,N-SIL 8337,EW 6615H,N-SIL 8735,N-SIL 8615,EW 6308,CT 7250,N-COAT 9368,CT 7251,CT 7258,N-COAT 9360,CT 7257,PW 1033,PW 1435,PW 1436,CT 7253,N-SIL 8580,CT 7256,CT 7255,N-SIL 8220,N-SIL 8740,HW 9905,N-SIL 8620,AW 2915,PW 1081,AW 2916,EW 6355,PW 1486,EW 6350,PW 2057,PW 1400,PW 1008,N-SIL 8112,N-SIL 8630,N-SIL 8113,AW 2920,N-COAT 9300,PW 1250,HW 9590,EW 6360,PW 2500,PW 2501,CT 5605,CT 5606,PW 1218,CT 5607,N-SIL 8640,EW 6619,CT 5608,EW 6615,EW 6339,SW 7037,CT 7250H,EW 6336,EW 6611,EW 6335,EW 6610,CT 7250L,PW 2550,PW 1465,PW 1066,SW 7022,N-SIL 8135,N-SIL 8533,CT 7258H,EW 6627,EW 6625,EW 6349,AW 2904,AW 2903,EW 6621,EW 6346,EW 6345,PW 1471,AW 2900,AW 2902,PW 1470,EW 6066,N-COAT 9560,AW 2901,PW 1475,EW 6064,EW 6061,EW 6060
ITW(依工聚合)粘合剂/密封剂/点胶设备/耐磨化合物/环氧树脂/聚氨酯 选型指南
描述- ITW Performance Polymers offers a wide range of products to the mining, coal-fired power, alternative energy (wind), transportation, marine,composites, engineered construction and general industrial markets.
型号- DEVCON® HP 250,MA8120 GB,MA300,MA420,SC VELR 4000,SC 7315,PLEXUS® MA2000 SERIES,PDR 9000,PLEXUS® MA420W,MA8105 GB,SC PDR 9000,SC 1050,SC 1500-LS,PC-120,PLEXUS® MA2030,PLEXUS® MA2045,MA1020,MA2230,PLEXUS® PU2105,MA310,MA1025,MA550,PLEXUS® MA832,SC 2000-OS LS,PLEXUS® MA830,GPE 30,PLEXUS® MA205HV,PLEXUS® MA320,TE 2400,SC PDR 6000,MA425,SC 4055,SC 1060,MA422,AO420,SC ALPHACOA® 1700,PU2105,PLEXUS® MA8105 GB,MA2245,PLEXUS® MA420FS,SC 900,PLEXUS® MA422,PLEXUS® MA300,PLEXUS® MA425,ALPHACOAT® 1710,MA560-1,PLEXUS® MA550,PLEXUS® MA8000 SERIES,PLEXUS® MA310,EPOXY PLUS™ 25,PLEXUS® MA2290,MA530,MA2015,F-2,SC 2000-CM,PDR 6000,PLEXUS® MA560-1,PLEXUS® MA420,GPE 100,SC 4000 HDT,ALPHACOAT 1700,MA920,PLEXUS® H4110,SC ALPHACOAT® 1700,SC 5000,PLEXUS® MA2230,PLEXUS® MA1020,GPE 3,PLEXUS® MA1025,PLEXUS® MA920,MA8110 GB,TE 1000,PLEXUS® MA530,DEVCON® FLEXANE® 80,ALPHACOAT 1710,MA590,PLEXUS® MA2000,PLEXUS® MA2245,MA420W,H4110,PLEXUS® MA8110 GB,SC 4600 HTT,2000-OS LS,ALPHACOAT® 1700,MA420FS,DEVCON® FLEXANE® 94,MA2030,MA2045,SC 4500,MA320,PLEXUS® MA2015,FLEXANE® FL-10,DEVCON® EPOXY COAT™ 7000 AR,SC 2000-HS,PLEXUS® MA590,DEVCON® CLEANER BLEND 300,DEVCON® EPOXY COAT™ 7000 NON-VOC,MA832,PLEXUS® MA8120 GB,MA830,DEVCON® WEAR GUARD™ 300RTC,DEVCON® EPOXY PLUS™ 25,SC 2045,SC 1070,SC 6000,SC1070,SC 1800-LS,DEVCON® EPOXY COAT™ 7000,GPE 15,WR-2,FLEXANE® FL-20,DEVCON® DEV-THANE™ 5,MA205HV,1800-LS,SC 2000-OS,MA2290,SC 4750,PLEXUS® MA8000
Adhesive Portfolio for the Automotive Industry
型号- 263.45,JOWAT-TOPTHERM® 230.20,613.10,JOWATHERM-REAKTANT ® 628.97,263.05,JOWAT-TOPTHERM ® 264.50,642.90,238.88,JOWATHERM-REAKTANT ® 612.61,628.32,JOWAT-TOPTHERM ® 230.70,JOWAT-TOPTHERM ® 263.05,238.80,491.00,493.25,JOWATHERM-REAKTANT ® 642.30,JOWAT-TOPTHERM ® 263.45,JOWATHERM-REAKTANT ® 629.72,JOWAT-TOPTHERM® 265.00,JOWAT-TOPTHERM ® 221.00,158.97,610.61,613.90,JOWATHERM-REAKTANT ® 613.79,614.50,157.27,613.40,JOWAT® 493.60,JOWAT® 491.00,JOWAT® 493.25,614.18,JOWAPUR® 157.27,JOWAT-TOPTHERM® 230.90,493.60,238.75,230.70,JOWATHERM-REAKTANT ® 610.70,761.10,JOWAT-TOPTHERM ® 263.15,JOWATHERM-REAKTANT ® 642.00,221.00,JOWATHERM-REAKTANT ® MR 614.50,630.80,264.50,JOWATHERM-REAKTANT ® 612.11,JOWAT-TOPTHERM ® 263.17,JOWAT-TOPTHERM ® 238.80,263.85,JOWATHERM-REAKTANT ® MR 642.90,JOWATHERM-REAKTANT® 613.79,JOWAT-TOPTHERM® 238.88,JOWATHERM-REAKTANT ® 628.32,613.79,230.20,238.60,JOWAT-TOPTHERM ® 262.95,642.30,238.20,628.97,JOWATHERM-REAKTANT ® 613.10,JOWAT-TOPTHERM® 221.00,JOWATHERM-REAKTANT ® 610.61,JOWAT-TOPTHERM ® 238.97,491.20,JOWAT-TOPTHERM® 263.85,612.61,263.30,245.85,157.07,263.15,230.90,612.90,JOWAT® 491.20,642.00,263.17,JOWAT-TOPTHERM ® 230.20,JOWACOLL® 761.10,JOWATHERM-REAKTANT ® 613.90,JOWAT-TOPTHERM® 238.75,JOWAT-TOPTHERM ® 263.30,629.72,238.97,JOWAPUR® 157.07,JOWATHERM-REAKTANT ® 613.40,JOWAT-TOPTHERM ® 238.20,JOWATHERM-REAKTANT ® 630.80,JOWAPUR® 158.97,JOWATHERM ® 245.85,JOWAT-TOPTHERM ® 238.60,612.11,265.00,JOWATHERM-REAKTANT ® MR 612.90,JOWATHERM-REAKTANT ® 614.18,610.70,262.95
Parker Chomerics(派克固美丽)Tecknit EMI 屏蔽材料选型指南
目录- Company Profile and Products introduction Electromagnetic Compatibility Overview EMI SHIELDING DESIGN Special Applications Knitted Wire Mesh Metal Fibers and Screens Oriented Wires Conductive Elastomer EMI Shielding Windows Air Vent Panels Conductive Systems Products Shielding Components Beryllium Copper Gaskets Fabric-over-Foam Gaskets EMI Shielding Products Glossary and Appendix
型号- 82-12916,21-13910,82-12911,21-13911,21-13912,60-02010,21-13913,60-02011,21-13914,60-02012,21-13915,60-02013,21-13916,60-02014,21-13917,60-02015,21-13918,60-02005,88-12342,60-02006,60-02007,60-02008,60-02009,48-00476,43-46210,88-12347,21-13900,82-12921,21-13901,XX-X1500,21-13902,60-02002,60-02003,60-02004,21-13907,XX-X1506,21-13908,XX-X1505,21-13909,XX-X1508,XX-X1507,XX-X1502,XX-X1501,XX-X1504,XX-X1503,48-00481,88-12337,73-00081,XX-X1509,60-02030,21-13933,60-02031,21-13934,60-02032,21-13935,60-02033,43-13794,60-02027,60-71043,60-02028,60-71044,60-02029,88-12362,60-71042,60-71047,60-71048,60-71045,60-71046,86-10094,89-50010,43-43162,86-10093,89-50012,86-10090,89-50014,86-10092,89-50016,86-10091,86-10076,84-70079,86-10075,89-7XXXX,21-13920,86-10077,84-70076,84-70075,60-02020,84-70078,60-02021,84-70077,60-02022,84-70072,60-02023,84-70071,60-02024,84-70074,60-02025,84-70073,60-02026,88-12352,60-02016,43-46208,60-02017,60-02018,43-46206,60-02019,88-12357,89-50020,89-50021,86-10082,89-50022,43-00003,89-50023,43-43175,89-50024,43-43178,72-08116,89-50025,43-00000,89-50026,89-50027,86-10080,73-00025,60-02052,60-02053,43-13335,60-02054,43-13334,60-02055,88-12392,60-02056,60-02057,60-02058,60-02059,84-70070,89-50070,89-50072,89-50074,CS 9,CS 8,89-50076,89-50078,CS 3,CS 2,CS 1,43-00030,88-12372,600,601,602,603,604,605,606,607,43-00021,608,43-00020,609,43-00041,43-00040,60-02070,73-00008,60-02071,60-02072,60-02073,60-02074,60-02075,60-02076,XX-X1511,60-02077,XX-X1510,60-02078,60-02079,83-30184,XX-X1517,XX-X1516,83-30182,XX-X1519,83-30183,XX-X1518,83-30180,XX-X1513,83-30181,XX-X1512,610,XX-X1515,611,XX-X1514,612,613,614,615,616,617,618,619,60-02060,60-02061,60-02062,60-02063,XX-X1520,60-02064,60-02065,XX-X1522,60-02066,XX-X1521,60-02067,60-02068,60-02069,88-12397,620,XX-X1523,621,622,83-30190,623,624,625,626,627,628,629,43-00042,62250,62252,84-70025,86-10021,FS2,84-70024,FS1,84-70027,84-70026,86-10022,5X-72100,84-70021,FS6,84-70020,FS5,84-70023,84-70022,20-X0107,20-X0104,20-X0105,20-X0102,630,631,20-X0101,632,633,82-12086,634,635,636,79-10138,637,79-10139,638,79-10136,639,79-10137,43-46610,79-10135,84-70017,86-10016,86-10015,60-02080,84-70014,60-02081,84-70013,60-02082,84-70016,86-10012,60-02083,84-70015,86-10011,84-70010,84-70012,84-70011,20-X0119,20-X0117,20-X0118,20-X0116,20-X0113,640,20-X0114,641,20-X0111,82-12096,642,20-X0112,643,644,20-X0110,645,646,82-12091,647,648,649,84-70007,86-10003,84-70006,86-10002,86-10005,86-10004,84-70003,84-70002,84-70005,86-10001,84-70004,86-10000,5X52000,84-70001,84-70000,86-10007,86-10006,86-10008,650,651,652,653,654,655,656,657,82-12061,43-13707,79-10143,79-10144,661,662,79-10142,5X-64500,663,664,43-46608,79-10140,43-46606,79-10147,79-10148,79-10146,86-10069,86-10068,XX-X1136,82-12046,82-12041,88-12302,43-43142,89-5XXXX,88-12307,XX-X1140,5X-71200,43-43161,XX-X1148,XX-X1144,82-12056,201,202,82-12051,203,204,205,86-10061,206,207,208,86-10062,209,86-10042,XX-X1114,XX-X1110,210,211,212,79-10194,XX-X1116,213,214,82-12021,79-10192,XX-X1118,215,88-12322,79-10193,216,217,218,219,43-43123,5X-53800,86-10032,42252,86-10031,43-13746,XX-X1124,82-12026,XX-X1120,220,221,222,223,224,XX-X1128,225,226,227,228,88-12317,229,86-10041,42250,230,231,43-43984,232,43-43987,233,43-43986,234,235,236,237,238,239,43-43981,5X-55600,43-43980,43-43983,56-74000,5X-52100,82-12126,240,69-10001CSP,56-74016,82-12131,69-10031A,82-12101,69-10030A,5052,82-12106,43-43974,43-43975,43-43978,43-43977,43-43972,43-43971,89-70122,89-70123,42-X1700,89-70124,89-70120,89-70121,42-X1709,5X-61000,42-X1706,42-X1705,42-X1708,42-X1707,42-X1702,42-X1701,42-X1704,42-X1703,89-70111,89-70112,89-70113,89-70114,89-70110,5X-66700,89-0111B,89-70100,89-70101,89-70102,89-70103,5X-53400,89-70104,83-30153,83-30154,43-13262,43-13261,43-16764,60-70211,60-70212,60-70210,60-70215,5X-55200,60-70216,5X-65000,60-70213,60-70214,60-70219,60-70217,60-70218,89-70152,89-70153,89-70154,43-13245,88-12297,83-30173,83-30174,83-30171,83-30172,60-70222,83-30170,60-70223,60-70220,60-70221,89-70144,89-70141,89-70142,89-70143,5X-61900,82-12973,83-30133,43-16792,82-12972,83-30134,83-30131,43-16310,82-12974,83-30132,83-30141,43-16304,43-16306,43-16308,89-70133,89-70134,89-70130,89-70131,43-13268,83-30144,83-30142,83-30143,83-30152,72-00236,82-55604,82-55603,21-13950,21-13951,21-13953,83-30113,82-55609,82-12956,83-30114,83-30111,83-30112,82-55606,83-30110,45-09810,45-09811,45-09812,45-09813,89-50110,89-50111,89-50112,89-50113,89-50114,82-55615,82-55612,21-13940,21-13941,21-13942,21-13943,82-12966,21-13944,21-13945,83-30124,21-13946,21-13947,83-30122,21-13948,82-55618,82-12961,83-30123,21-13949,83-30120,83-30121,43-16795,43-16796,83-30130,43-16797,43-16799,89-50120,89-50121,89-50122,89-50123,89-50124,82-55625,89-70184,82-12936,89-70181,89-70182,89-70183,89-70173,89-70174,83-30104,82-12946,83-30102,89-70171,83-30103,89-70172,83-30100,83-30101,82-12941,60-70200,60-70201,60-70204,60-70205,89-50100,60-70202,89-50101,60-70203,89-50102,60-70208,89-50103,60-70209,89-50104,60-70206,
ITW 交通行业解决方案——汽车电子市场
型号- LOCA,SL8130,HA系列,MA420,PSA系列,RTVS 8127 LV-C,PSA 2500,MA815,UB 45000,DC系列,SL6350,MA2060,EP6060,MA1020,MA3045,PLEXUS®DT1303,PLEXUS®DT2630,EP8080,MA310,MA1025,MA550,MA925 系列,T-BOND 25,PSA 11000,121FR,PSA 4500 FR,DC 1000,SA830,MA425,IC300,MA422,HA1510,AO420,UB 3000,PB 3500,RTVS 8127 LV,MA2003,PSA 4500,CFO,UB 20000,MA2805,SA830 系列,PLEXUS® DT2115,RTVS 27 HTC,PB 950,116FRFC,RTVS 3-95-1,121FR-DH,MA8101,RTVS 3-95-2,62010P,MA305HV,PSA 45000,LOCA系列,HP 250,PLEXUS®DT2530,10-104-06,HA1803,HA1804,68015P,PSA 21000 FR,MA805,MA925,SL6600,PSA 30000FR,KB65,HA1810,MA920,MA2090,HA1410,T-BOND E8,T-BOND E5,SL6200,SM2030,HA1820,MA216,IC510,PSA,PLEXUS®DT2435,SL系列,PLEXUS®DT2430,GB系列,PSA 750,NOVATTANE 2100,116FR,SM1330,68012P,PSA 11000 FR,SM2030 LV,SL6300,UB 15000,EP6250,MA920 系列,MA2045,PSA 21000,14167MA300,MA320,T-BOND EP7125,NOVATTANE 2130,HA2410,MA832,MA830,62030W,PB系列,SM1030,MA330,MA3940,PSA 30000,117FR,SM7530,PLEXUS® DT2325,HA1850,HP250Q,CIPG H1220,MA209,SL6,SL6400,SL6系列,UB系列,T-BOND E90
Plexus(普莱克思)/Devcon(得复康)粘合剂选型指南
描述- Plexus MMA and Hybrid adhesives create long-lasting, durable bonds that withstand harsh environmental exposure and manage stress with minimal or no surface preparation.Devcon epoxy adhesives provide excellent adhesion to the toughest of metals. They deliver excellent peel and shear strength while offering extreme chemical and environmental resistance.
型号- MA3940LH,MA8105,MA1020,PU2105,MA590,MA300,MA310,MA530,MA420,MA320,MA1025,MA550,MA3940,H4110,MA560-1,MA8120,MA425,MA832,MA920,MA830,MA422,HP250,MA8110
PLEXUS® Structural Bonding Solutions for Sign Manufacturers
型号- MA205HV,MA685,MA320,MA8120,MA832,MA830,MA8110
Adhesive Selector Guide EMEA
型号- MA3940LH,MA1020,PU2105,MA590,MA8120 GB,MA300,MA310,MA530,MA420,MA320,MA1025,MA550,MA3940,MA8110 GB,H4110,MA8105 GB,MA560-1,MA425,MA832,MA920,MA830,MA422,HP250
Jowat(胶王)过滤行业用粘合剂选型指南
描述- Jowat adhesives are used by filter manufacturers for the bonding of filter frames, the pleating of filters, as well as in the production and laminating of filter media for home, automotive and industrial applications.
型号- 614.40,262.90,614.60
Plexus(普莱克思)粘合剂选型指南
描述- Wide range of advanced adhesives are suitable for bonding the vast majority of composites, thermoplastics, metals, and dissimilar substrates. Plexus adhesives create long-lasting, durable bonds that withstand harsh environmental exposure and manage stress with minimal or no surface preparation.
型号- MA8105,PU2105,MA2045,MA685,MA300,MA420,MA2245,MA320,MA560-1,MA832,MA8120,MA830,MA1020,MA2230,MA590,MA310,MA530,MA2015,H4110,MA205HV,MA420FS,MA425,MA422,MA2030,MA8110
TE Connectivity(泰科TE)胶粘剂/密封剂选型指南
目录- Adhesives-THERMOSETS Adhesives-THERMOPLASTICS Adhesives-SEALANTS Adhesive/Sealant Product Characteristics Tables Adhesive/Sealant Selection Table Adhesives Substrate Preparation Procedures and Installation Guide
型号- S1260,S1184,S1030,S1006,S1017,S1009,S1255-04,S1264,S1297,S1278-02,S1124,S1278,S1125,S1048,S1278-01
电子商城
登录 | 立即注册
提交评论