Simplify Phase Noise Test up to 54GHz with the SSA-X Signal Source Analyzer
Optimize your phase noise analysis cycle time today
Building on 35 years of phase noise expertise, the KEYSIGHT SSA-X signal source analyzer provides a one-box signal source analysis solution with a simplified set-up, excellent sensitivity and speed, and versatile test options tailored to your needs. With input signals up to 54 GHz and offsets up to 1 GHz, the SSA-X helps you overcome all your absolute and residual phase noise measurement challenges.
Phase noise measurements determine the short-term frequency stability of radio frequency (RF) components like local oscillators (LOs), mixers, and amplifiers. To develop radar and digital communication systems, engineers must accurately measure phase noise while minimizing test time.
What is phase noise?
Phase noise represents the degree to which an oscillating source produces the same frequency over a specific period. For short-term frequency stability, engineers measure the variation in signal frequency for a duration of less than a few seconds.
If the oscillator in Figure 1 produced a pure sine wave, it would appear as a delta function in the frequency domain and contain no phase noise.
These noise energy sidebands, caused by thermal, shot, and flicker noise, appear symmetric about the carrier.
How to measure phase noise
Single sideband (SSB) phase noise, L(f), refers to the ratio of power density at an offset frequency from the carrier to the total power of the carrier signal, illustrated in Figure 3.
Phase noise measurements use an offset frequency, fm, relative to the carrier. Since the noise energy sidebands appear symmetrically around the carrier, measuring at a single sideband sufficiently captures the phase noise. Measuring the power spectral density of the noise energy in a 1 Hz measurement bandwidth results in units of dBc/Hz.
Absolute phase noise
Absolute phase noise refers to the phase noise produced by a 1-port device such as an oscillator, as shown in Figure 4. Engineers consider absolute phase noise a key figure-of-merit for signal generators like the Keysight VXG vector signal generator.
Residual phase noise
Residual phase noise, or additive noise, refers to the noise added to a signal when processed by a multi-port device, like an amplifier, as shown in Figure 5. To accurately measure the multi-port device's noise contribution, residual noise measurements require the removal of the source’s noise.
The importance of phase noise for aerospace and defense systems
Radars detect small frequency shifts of return echoes to determine target velocity. Figure 6 shows a radar system block diagram. Let’s consider how the phase noise of critical components in the radar system impacts performance.
The stable local oscillator (STALO) and coherent local oscillator (COHO) underpin the functionality of the radar system. Any phase impairments from the STALO or COHO signals multiply when upconverted to higher frequencies, which causes a reduction in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Phase noise on the transmitted signal masks the target Doppler signal, as shown in Figure 7. Compared to the clutter from stationary objects, the return from the moving target signal is small. While filtering effectively removes the clutter, it fails to account for the random noise, resulting in missed targets and reduced accuracy.
The importance of phase noise for digital communication systems
In digital communications systems, phase noise in the digital transmitter and receiver causes increased bit error rate (BER). Figure 8 shows a digital communication system block diagram. Phase noise in this system causes symbol skewing, spectral regrowth, and channel interference.
Symbol skew results in detection errors. As the signal's power increases, the I and Q amplitudes increase, causing the symbols to spread farther away from the origin. Symbols further from the origin spread even more, as shown in green in Figure 9.
Higher-order modulation formats mean narrower symbol decision boundaries, as illustrated by the black gridlines in Figure 9. As a result, skewing increases the symbol and bit error rates for higher-order modulation formats.
Sensitivity in a phase noise analyzer refers to the lowest phase noise level that the instrument is capable of accurately measuring. Engineers use cross-spectral averaging, also known as cross-correlation (XCORR), to eliminate instrument noise. This increases the accuracy of the measurement but also increases test time.
The initial sensitivity (at 1 XCORR) and the speed at which the instrument reduces the noise floor through XCORR determine the phase noise analyzer’s quality. The system noise of the instrument should be lower than the noise of the device-under-test (DUT). Engineers typically accept a margin of 10dB.
Phase noise measurement challenges
Accurate phase noise measurements require low noise sources, complex measurement setups, fast XCORR methods, and the ability to switch between absolute and residual phase noise measurement setups. Often, developers need additional analysis methods like spur search and transient analysis for complete device characterization.
SSA-X architecture delivers speed and sensitivity for phase noise measurements
The SSA-X signal source analyzer offers an all-in-one phase noise measurement solution up to 54 GHz. This comprehensive measurement platform supports not only high-sensitivity absolute and residual phase noise analysis but also a variety of supplemental measurement software applications, including VCO characterization, frequency transient analysis, and spectrum analysis, as shown in Figure 10.
The SSA-X uses IQ demodulation to measure the phase noise. The signal travels through an internal power divider, splits, and downconverts to an intermediate frequency (IF). Identical measurement receivers with low phase noise LOs enable XCORR. IQ demodulators allow measurement of the phase noise and AM noise simultaneously, up to 30 MHz; beyond 30MHz offset, the instrument measures the sum of phase noise / AM.
Get started with simplified phase noise analysis
Leveraging decades of test and measurement expertise, the SSA-X signal source analyzer offers a simplified solution for phase noise testing up to 54 GHz. It delivers absolute and residual phase noise analysis with enhanced sensitivity on a simplified setup.
Phase noise measurements play a crucial role in RF technology development, impacting the efficacy of radar and digital communication systems. Optimize your test cycle time with the SSA-X and ensure accurate phase noise analysis.
- |
- +1 赞 0
- 收藏
- 评论 0
本文由雪飘梦飞转载自Keysight Blogs,原文标题为:Simplify Phase Noise Test up to 54 GHz with the SSA-X Signal Source Analyzer,本站所有转载文章系出于传递更多信息之目的,且明确注明来源,不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
相关研发服务和供应服务
相关推荐
Simplify Complex RF Testing with Vector Signal Generators
As the number of antennas in a system has increased, so has the test complexity. So, Keysight shares the way to Simplify Complex RF Testing with Vector Signal Generators M9484C.
设计经验 发布时间 : 2022-08-03
How to Make Phase Noise Measurements on a Frequency Converter?
Let‘s delve a little deeper in the basics of phase noise and then take a closer look at how to make phase noise measurements on a frequency converter.
设计经验 发布时间 : 2022-03-04
What Is the Difference Between Vector Signal Source and Radio Frequency Signal Source?
Vector signal sources and radio frequency signal sources are devices used to generate radio signals, but they are different in the way and applications of signals. In this article, Baluelec will introduce the difference between vector signal source and a radio frequency signal source.
技术探讨 发布时间 : 2024-02-20
Keysight(是德科技)测试仪器分销产品选型指南(英文)
目录- BenchVue Control and Analysis Software RF Bench and Handheld Instruments Handheld Spectrum Analyzers FieldFox Handheld Analyzers Spectrum Analyzers, Signal Analyzer Audio Analyzer and Signal Generator Power Sensors and Power Meters RF and Microwave Test Accessories Vector Network Analyzers and ECal Modules Essential Bench Oscilloscopes, Applications, and Probes Digital Multimeters Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generators Data Acquisition/Switch Units USB Products and Connectivity Frequency Counters/Timers Power Supplies Bench Power Supplies System Power Supplies Precision Power Supplies System Power Supplies(continued) DC Power Analyzer, SMUs, and DC Electronic Loads AC Power Sources LCR Meters Handheld Instruments
型号- U8480,B2911A,U1272A,N8926A,34460A,N7040A,U8000,N9340B,53140,N5742A,N5766A,34905A,N9918A,N6735B,N8480,N5743A,N5767A,N1914A,3024T,3012T,U1273A,34904A,N6746B,N6734B,U3800,U1282A,N8948A,34470A,N7042A,N1913A,N5744A,N5768A,34903A,N8924A,N9916A,N9928A,34939A,N6701C,N8949A,U1271A,N8925A,N8937A,N7041A,N1912A,N9000B,N5745A,N5769A,N2819A,3022T,3034T,N6700C,34902A,N9917A,34938A,N6736B,U1600,8491A,DSOX1102G,DSOX1102A,N9320B,P-SERIES,33509B,N7020A,N1911A,N9344C,N5746A,N3302A,N2818A,34901A,34937A,U1701B,82357B,U1273AX,U2802A,N5181B,N2142A,U1281A,B2902A,4024A,N5747A,N3303A,8490G,N2805A,3032T,N6702C,U1700,N6705C,N8928A,N9342C,33519B,B2901A,N3304A,N5748A,34947A,N2804A,N8929A,N5171B,N9343C,N2140A,X-SERIES,B2912A,N3305A,U8903B,N5749A,4022A,34934A,4034A,34946A,8480D,3054T,U2702A,N3306A,U1733C,U1210,U2300,N5700,34945A,3458A,TU1453A,U2701A,B2962A,1146B,N3307A,1147B,N7026A,33600A,33612A,B2961A,N9322C,N9310A,U1731C,2002A,53200,2014A,3104T,U1610A,U2723A,33611A,2004A,U1732C,J7205A,34942A,U3606B,53210A,J7205B,U2722A,N1810UL,33622A,3102T,34941A,N8760A,2012A,2024A,U2500,U1620A,33512B,33500B,33621A,N1810TL,3004A,N6700,N6705,N8761A,N2821A,33511B,N3300,4104A,2022A,N2820A,U2600,33510B,33522B,3014T,N2843A,E36100B,33521B,N9962A,87106D,AC6804B,E4982A,DAQM905A,34950A-34959A,N6750,N9950A,N8740A,E36103B,U2020,EDUX1002A,N9951A,33520B,N7007A,83050A,N2962A,53131A,P9243A,E4981A,U2741A,34972A,E36102B,J7211B,J7211A,J7211C,E36320A,N8741A,AC6802B,DAQM903A,U1270,N9960A,E36311A,N8762A,E36105B,N6781A,U2000,E3641A,EDUX1002G,N2863B,AC6803B,DAQM904A,N8900,U1280,84904L,U2751A,34970A,N9961A,B2900,E36104B,E3640A,AC6800B,N2862B,6002A,E3600,E-SERIES,E36313A,DAQM900A,U1250,U5850,N8756A,N8732A,N8950A,AC6801B,10070D,DAQM902A,U2761A,34980A,E36300A,E36312A,N6782A,DAQM901A,E36106B,53220A,N8757A,87222D,N8733A,N8951A,87222E,N9952A,87104D,P9242A,E4980A,6004A,53132A,N6785A,N6773A,U1452A,B2980A,N6761A,N8754A,N8742A,P9241A,N2871A,53230A,N8700,N4985A-S50,U1240,N6784A,E4981A-001,E4981A-002,N8755A,U1453A,N8731A,N2870A,8495D,N2797A,87405B,N2894A,N5770A,8495B,87405C,34420A,E3647A,10833F,34921A-25A,10833G,10833A,10833B,4154A,10833C,10833D,N6775A,U1450A,N8736A,N6763A,U1232A,N8954A,N6751A,N8930A,N7550,N9923A,N2796A,N9935A,N2893A,N5771A,E36100,E3646A,6811C,N4985A-S30,4032A,N8737A,N6786A,N6774A,N8943A,N6762A,E5063A,10834A,N8955A,U1451A,8494G,N8931A,E3634A,U1233A,3052T,N2783B,P9371A,N2795A,N5772A,6813C,E3649A,6800C,6812C,N6753A,N8758A,U1460A,N6741B,U1242C,N8734A,U1242B,N8952A,N6777A,N8940A,N6765A,P9370A,N2891A,N2782B,EPM SERIES,53181A,N5761A,34931A-33A,34465A,E3648A,4054A,N8759A,N6764A,U1231A,U1461A,N6752A,E9320,83020A,N8735A,N8941A,N6776A,N2793A,DAQ970A,N2890A,L2060,N2781B,U1240C,N9914A,82350C,N5750A,N5762A,U2063,E5810B,N8934A,N6743B,N9926A,P1912A,N8946A,N6731B,N9938A,U1252B,E3643A,E3631A,N6755A,14585A,N2792A,N2780B,U1241C,N5763A,E4980AL,N5751A,E36300,E9300,N8923A,N9915A,N8935A,N6742B,N9927A,E3630A,U1241B,4052A,U1253B,E3642A,N6766A,34908A,N6754A,N2791A,N9912A,N8738A,N9936A,U1190,U2040,N5752A,N5764A,34450A,DAQM907A,N8932A,N8944A,34907A,N8920A,E3645A,N6745B,E3633A,N6733B,L2050,N2790A,U1251B,N8739A,N9913A,N9925A,N5741A,DAQM908A,N5765A,34461A,U2053,N8945A,N6732B,N9937A,N8957A,N8921A,E3632A,E3620A,N6756A,E3644A,N6744B
Agilent E4438C ESG Vector Signal Generator
型号- E4438C-401,E4438C-400,E4438C-422,E4438C-403,E4438C-SP1,E4438C-402,E4438C-259,E4438C-229,E4438C-407,E4438C-XXX,E4438C-409,E4438C-419,E4438C ESG,E4438C-250,E4438C-221
M9484C VXG and V3080A Vector signal generator and frequency extender DATA SHEET
型号- M9484C-508,V3080A-F06,M9484C-506,V3080A-F07,M9484C-514,M9484C-544,M9484C-532,M9484C-554,M9484C-520,M9484C VXG,V3080A-F09,V3080A,V3080A-F11
Keysight(是德科技)信号发生器选型指南(英文)
目录- Signal Generator Agile and Vector Signal Generators Analog Signal Generators Signal Studio Software PSG Signal Generators X-Series Signal Generators RF Analog Signal Generator Baseband Generator,Interface Module PXI Signal Generators Legacy Signal Generators
型号- 8657J,N5172B,E4425B,E4437B,8657D,8645A,8657B,8657A,ESG-D,8672A,N5173B,E4424B,E4436B,8644B,8656B,E4400B,E8257DSXX-SERIES,83620B,ESG-A,83620A,M9381A,8340B,8340A,N5106A,E4431B,8647A,N9310A,8648A,83712B,83712A,ESG-AP,E4430B,83752B,83752A,M9380A,83630L,N5191A,8662B,E8257D,8662A,E4438C,E4426B,E2500B,83711B,83711A,83630B,83751B,83751A,8665A,8665B,E4421B,E4433B,N5193A,83640L,N5181B,8341A,N5181A,8341B,E8663D,8664A,E4428C,E4420B,8648D,E4432B,8648B,E8267D,8648C,83624B,83624A,83640B,N5194A,8780A,N5182B,N5182A,83623L,E4435B,8643A,N5102A,E4423B,83732B,83623B,83732A,83650L,N5171B,N5183B,8763D,N5183A,8763B,8763C,E8257DVXX-SERIES,X-SERIES,8763A,E4422B,E4434B,83622B,83731A,ESG-DP,83622A,83650B,83731B
Keysight(是德科技)汽车测试产品选型指南(英文)
目录- Increasing Speed, Safety, and Reliability of In-Vehicle Communications Networks Data Acquisition for Accurate Automotive System Analysis Taming the Hostile RF World of Today’s Vehicles Managing Power in a Harsh Automotive Electrical Environment EMI Pre-Compliance Testing for Automotive Designs Handheld Instruments for Accurate Portable Automotive Testing General Bench Test and Accessories Test Automation with PathWave BenchVue Software
型号- N7026A,DAQ970A,4000 X,N2790A,N6705C,N5166B CXG,N6700 SERIES,3000T X-SERIES,N6700,3000T X,34980A,S-SERIES,6000 X,N9000B CXA,N7900,4000 X-SERIES,MSOX4154A,6000 X-SERIES,N7900 SERIES
MXG X-Series Signal Generator N5181B Analog & N5182B Vector 9 kHz to 3 or 6 GHz 9 kHz to 7.2 GHz DATA SHEET
型号- MXG X,N5181B,N5182B,MXG X-SERIES
【选型】Keysight(是德科技)PXI / AXIe 模块化产品选型指南(英文)
目录- PXI / AXIe Modular Product Introduction High-Speed Chassis, Controllers, and I/O Components PXIe RF Instruments AXIe Instruments General-Purpose Oscilloscopes, Digitizers and More PXI and AXIe Test Solutions
型号- M9391A,M9121A,M9242A,M9133A,S9101A,M8020A,M8192A,M9514A,M9502A,M9336A,M937XA,M9421A,M9122A,M9243A,M9037A,M9203A,N1930B,M8045A,U4421A,M9808A,M9537A,M9703B,89600,M9161D,M3201A,M9393A,M9381A,M9187A,M9146–49A,M9111A,M9135A,M9155–57C,M8046A,M8195A,M8194A,M9710A,M9601A,M9411A,M9043A,M9164B,M9164A,M8920A,M9380A,M8196A,M8062A,M9410A,M3102A,M9260A,M9383B,E5500,M9165C,M9165B,M9165A,M9101A,M8197A,M8051A,M9615A,M9506A,M9192A,M9164C,M9130A,M9155-57C,M9102A,M9005A,M924XA,M8041A,M8040A,M9505A,M9804A,M9614A,M3302A,M9290A,M3100A,M9181A,M9193A,M9383A,M9010A,M9240A,M9131A,M9103A,M9018B,M9155-57CH40,M924XA SERIES,M8190A,M3202A,M8100A SERIES,M9182A,M9120A,M9241A,M9132A,M9128A,X-SERIES,M8100A,M9019A,N5511A,M9709A,M9183A,M9195B,M3300A
N7622C Signal Studio for Toolkit
型号- E4438C-005,M9381A,E4438C-601,N5166B,E4438C-501,N5182B,N5172B,N5182A,E4438C,E4428C,N7622C,E8267D,N7622B,M9421,N5182A-UNV,E8267D-601,N5182A-019,N5182A-1EL,N5182A-503,E8267D-015,E8267D-520,M9420A,E4438C-UNJ,N5182A-651
Signal Generators: The Different Types and How They Work
In electronics, signals are analogous to speech. Just as we exchange information through conversation, electronics at all levels talk via signals — from microscopic transistors on tiny integrated circuits up to consumer devices and large systems like satellites. Being this ubiquitous means that in every industry, a substantial part of electronics testing goes into getting the signals right, and signal generators are the workhorses that make it possible.
技术探讨 发布时间 : 2024-03-08
THREAT SIMULATION AND VERIFICATION FOR RADAR WARNING RECEIVER TESTING Application Note
型号- R&S®FSW,1313.1322.02,R&S®FSW-K6,1413.8957.02,R&S®SMW-K315,R&S®SMW200A,R&S®SMW-B20XX,1414.3665.02,1413.9260.02,1428.XXXX.02,1414.6706 02,1412.0000.02,1414.4710.02,R&S®SMW-B9,R&S®SMW-K300,1413.8805.02,1331.XXXX.14,R&S®SMW-K301,R&S®SMW-B15,R&S®SMW-K302,R&S®FSW-BX001,1413.8857.02,R&S®,R&S®SMW-K502,R&S®SMW-K304,1413.7350.02,R&S®SMW-K503,R&S®SMW-K504,R&S®SMW-K306,R&S®SMW-K308,R&S®SMW-K309,R&S®SMW-B10XX,1414.1433.02,R&S®SMW-B13XT,1331.5003.XX,1413.9776.02,1413.8005.02,1413.9053.02,1414.3620.02,1414.6529.02
PathWave Calibration Advisor CONFIGURATION GUIDE
型号- UXR0254A,PNA,MXR,N5241B,DSA93004L,UXR,UXR1004A,UXR0594AP,DSOS604A,UXR0404A,DSOX91304A,UXR0051AP,UXR0134A,UXR0594A,N9038A,N5242B,MSOX93204A,90000 Q SERIES,N9038B,UXR1102A,DSAZ204A,UXR0502A,UXR0402AP,90000 L,Z SERIES,N5231B,DSAV164A,MXR208A,90000 Q,UXR104A,MXR058A,DSO9024H,MSOS804A,90000 X,DSO9254A,DSAX91304A,EXR254A,DSOV084A,DSO9404A,N5232B,DSA91304A,MSOX91304A,N9048B,N5244B,MSO9064A,9000 SERIES,UXR0704AP,N9000B,UXR1104A,V SERIES,DSOZ504A,EXR SERIES,UXR0504A,DSAV204A,DSO90254A,DSO90404A,UXR0254AP,90000,DSOX92004Q,MSOS204A,N5221B,N5245B,MSOS054A,MXR254A,UXR0804A,MSO9404A,EXR208A,DSAZ592A,MXR404A,MSOV254A,N8974B,EXR058A,DSO9104AN,DSAX92004Q,DSAX92504A,N5234B,N5222B,90000 SERIES,DSOS254A,DSOX92004A,DSAX92004A,DSOV334A,DSAX92504Q,DSAZ632A,DSOX92504Q,N8975B,MSOV134A,UXR0404AP,E5055A,DSO90604A,DSAX93204A,DSA91204A,N5247B,N5235B,DSOX92504A,UXR1002A,DSOS404A,DSA90604A,UXR0402A,UXR0592A,N5224B,90000 X SERIES,X-SERIES,MSOX92804A,DSOZ334A,N8973B,DSAV134A,EXR054A,N5225B,MSOS604A,MXR408A,90000 L SERIES,N5249B,DSO9054H,N9040B,DSO9204H,DSOV204A,MXR258A,DSA90404A,DSOX96204Q,EXR204A,DSAZ504A,DSA90254A,MSOS104A,MSOV084A,DSAV254A,DSAX96204Q,S SERIES,DSO91304A,N9030A,N9042B,N9041B,UXR0704A,EXR108A,DSO93004L,MXR SERIES,DSOV164A,M9484C,MXR604A,DSOZ204A,DSO91204A,9000,N5239B,N5227B,DSO9064A,DSAZ594A,MSOX91604A,DSOS804A,UXR0802A,N8976B,UXR0204A,DSOX93204A,UXR0164A,DSOS054A,MSO9254A,DSO9104H,DSAZ254A,MXR104A,DSAX93304Q,DSAX95004Q,DSAX91604A,MSOV334A,DSO9104A,DSAZ634A,DSO90804A,PNA-X,DSOZ254A,DSAX92804A,DSA90804A,PNA-L,N9021B,UXR0592AP,DSOS204A,DSOZ634A,DSAZ334A,DSOX92804A,DSAV084A,N9010B,N9010A,MSO9104A,EXR104A,DSOZ594A,DSAV334A,VXG,MSOS404A,MSOS254A,MXR608A,DSOV254A,N9030B,SSA-X,MSOX92504A,DSOZ632A,MXR204A,EXR258A,MSOV204A,MXR054A,UXR0702AP,N5264B,DSOX95004Q,MXR108A,N9020B,N9020A,N9032B,DSOX93304Q,DSOS104A,DSOV134A,DSOX91604A,MSOX92004A,UXR0702A,DSOZ592A,UXR0252AP,UXR0334A,EXR,MSOV164A,UXR SERIES
现货市场
登录 | 立即注册
提交评论