What Caused The Lithium Battery to Explode?
The type of battery core explosion can be summarized as an external short circuit, internal short circuit, and overcharge. The external part here refers to the outside of the battery cell and includes a short circuit caused by poor insulation design inside the battery pack.
The characteristics of lithium
Lithium is the smallest and most active metal on the chemical periodic table. Small in size and high in capacity density, it is widely welcomed by consumers and engineers. However, the chemical properties are too active and pose a very high risk. When exposed to air, lithium metal can explode with intense oxidation of oxygen. In order to improve safety and voltage, scientists have invented materials such as graphite and lithium cobalt oxide to store lithium atoms. The molecular structure of these materials forms a nanoscale storage grid that can be used to store lithium atoms. In this way, even if the battery casing is broken and oxygen enters, the oxygen molecules are too large to enter these fine cells, so that the lithium atoms do not come into contact with oxygen to avoid an explosion. This principle of lithium-ion batteries allows people to achieve high-density density while achieving safety. When a lithium-ion battery is charged, the lithium atom of the positive electrode loses electrons and oxidizes to lithium ions. Lithium ions swim through the electrolyte to the negative electrode, enter the cell of the negative electrode, and obtain an electron, which is reduced to a lithium atom. When discharging, the entire program is reversed. In order to prevent the battery from being short-circuited by direct contact between the positive and negative terminals, a separator paper with a large number of fine holes is added to the battery to prevent short circuits. Good diaphragm paper can also automatically close the pores when the battery temperature is too high so that lithium ions can not pass through and prevent danger.
Fig.1
Protective measuresCharging voltage upper limit
Lithium Battery cells will begin to produce side effects when they are overcharged to a voltage higher than 4.2V. The higher the overcharge voltage, the higher the risk. After the lithium battery voltage is higher than 4.2V, the amount of lithium atoms remaining in the positive electrode material is less than half. At this time, the storage cell often collapses, causing a permanent drop in battery capacity. If the charging continues, since the cell of the negative electrode is already filled with lithium atoms, the subsequent lithium metal will accumulate on the surface of the negative electrode material. These lithium atoms grow dendrites from the surface of the negative electrode toward the direction of lithium ions. These lithium metal crystals pass through the separator paper, shorting the positive and negative electrodes. Sometimes the battery explodes before the short circuit occurs. This is because, during the overcharging process, the electrolyte and other materials will crack and generate gas, causing the battery casing or pressure valve to bulge and rupture, allowing oxygen to enter and react with the lithium atoms deposited on the surface of the negative electrode. Then exploded. Therefore, when charging a lithium battery, you must set the upper voltage limit to take into account the battery life, capacity, and safety. The optimal charging voltage is limited to 4.2V.
The lower limit of discharge voltage
Lithium batteries should also have a lower voltage limit when discharging. When the cell voltage is lower than 2.4V, some materials will start to be destroyed. Since the battery will self-discharge, the voltage will be lower for a longer time. Therefore, it is best not to put it at 2.4V to stop. During the period from the discharge of 3.0V to 2.4V, the energy released by the lithium battery is only about 3% of the battery capacity. Therefore, 3.0V is an ideal discharge cutoff voltage.
Current limit
In charge and discharge, in addition to the voltage limit, the current limitation is also necessary. When the current is too large, lithium ions cannot enter the cell and will accumulate on the surface of the material. When these lithium ions obtain electrons, crystals of lithium atoms are generated on the surface of the material, which is dangerous as overcharge. In the event of a broken battery case, it will explode. Therefore, the protection of the lithium-ion battery must include at least three factors: the upper limit of the charging voltage, the lower limit of the discharging voltage, and the upper limit of the current. In the general lithium battery pack, in addition to the lithium battery core, there will be a protective board, which is mainly to provide these three protections. However, these three protections of the protection board are obviously not enough, and the global lithium battery explosion is still frequent. To ensure the safety of the battery system, a more careful analysis of the cause of the battery explosion must be performed.
Cause of battery explosion
1. Internal polarization is large. 2. The pole piece absorbs water and reacts with the electrolyte to form an air drum. 3, The quality of the electrolyte itself, performance issues. 4. The amount of liquid injection during the injection is not up to the process requirements. 5. The laser welding and welding sealing performance are poor in the assembly process, and the air leakage and leak detection are leaky. 6. Dust, extreme film dust is easy to lead to the micro-short circuit, the specific reasons are unknown. 7. The positive and negative electrodes are thicker than the process range, and it is difficult to enter the shell. 8, The problem of liquid injection sealing, steel ball sealing performance is not good, resulting in an air drum. 9. The shell material has a thick shell wall, and the shell deformation affects the thickness.
Fig.2
Explosion type analysis
The type of battery core explosion can be summarized as an external short circuit, internal short circuit, and overcharge. The external part here refers to the outside of the battery cell and includes a short circuit caused by poor insulation design inside the battery pack.
External short circuit
When a short circuit occurs outside the cell, and the electronic component fails to cut off the circuit, high heat is generated inside the cell, causing some of the electrolyte to vaporize and the battery case is enlarged. When the internal temperature of the battery is as high as 135 degrees Celsius, the good quality diaphragm paper will close the pores, the electrochemical reaction will terminate or nearly terminate, the current will drop suddenly, and the temperature will slowly drop, thus avoiding the explosion. However, the pore closing rate is too poor, or the separator paper, which does not close the pores at all, will cause the battery temperature to continue to rise, more electrolyte vaporizes, and finally, the battery casing is broken, and the battery temperature is raised even to The material burns and explodes.
Internal short circuit
The internal short circuit is mainly caused by the burr of the copper foil and the aluminum foil piercing the diaphragm, or the dendrite of lithium atoms piercing the diaphragm. These tiny needle-like metals can cause micro short circuits. Since the needle is very thin and has a certain resistance value, the current is not necessarily large. Copper and aluminum foil burrs are caused during the production process. The observed phenomenon is that the battery leaks too quickly, and most of them can be screened by the battery factory or assembly plant. Moreover, since the burrs are small, they are sometimes blown off, so that the battery returns to normal. Therefore, the probability of an explosion caused by a burr micro-short circuit is not high.
Overcharge
In this way, it is possible to get a bad battery with a low voltage shortly after charging in each battery factory, but there are few explosion events and statistical support. Therefore, the explosion caused by the internal short circuit is mainly caused by overcharge. Because, after overcharging, the lenticular lithium metal crystals are everywhere on the pole piece, and the piercing point is everywhere, and micro short circuits occur everywhere. Therefore, the battery temperature will gradually increase, and finally, the high temperature will be the electrolyte gas. In this case, whether the temperature is too high, the material burns and explodes, or the outer casing is broken first, these are explosions caused by overcharging. Although the lithium battery will fail sometimes, it's still a kind of safe and mature technology and because of that, when the battery suddenly exploded, it will become the news, which also shows significant failure is how rare battery manufacturers to prevent battery failure, installed a large number of protective measures, or at least reduce the fault caused by the damage.
Fig.3
To avoid the above problems, we need to choose safe batteries from reliable battery manufacturers. Grepow batteries meet the requirements of ROHS, CE, UL, UN38. 3, MSDS and other certifications. It is in compliance with international standards to ensure safety for all applications. With over 20 years of customer service experience, Grepow has developed a very complete service system, specifically tailored for Grepow customers, which helps Grepow in better understanding your needs in the first step of our communication, in a highly time-efficient way.
- |
- +1 赞 0
- 收藏
- 评论 0
本文由三年不鸣转载自Grepow Official Website,原文标题为:What Caused The Lithium Battery to Explode?,本站所有转载文章系出于传递更多信息之目的,且明确注明来源,不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
相关推荐
Can Lipo Battery Cells Be Shipped by Air?
With the widespread use of electronic products, batteries nowadays have become household items that we can see everywhere. The most commonly encountered type of battery is the lithium-ion battery.
技术探讨 发布时间 : 2022-09-17
What is the Impact of Long Coldness on Agriculture Spraying UAVs Batteries and How to Deal with it
Agricultural drones are not only used for spraying and applying medicine, but also for spreading fertilizer, seeds, and feeds to meet the diversified needs of farmers and improve production efficiency.
技术探讨 发布时间 : 2022-12-24
What Battery Is Used in Humanoid Robots?
In this article, we will explore how humanoid robots are powered, the types of batteries they use, the development trends in this technology, and the challenges that developers face in improving humanoid robot batteries.
技术探讨 发布时间 : 2024-09-04
LFP磷酸铁锂电池和NMC三元锂电池有什么区别?
LFP电池是指磷酸铁锂电池(Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery)的简称。它是一种新型的锂离子电池,由锂离子电池的一种,具有高能量密度、长寿命、安全性好等特点,被广泛应用于电动汽车、储能系统、电动工具等领域,既然如此,那LFP磷酸铁锂电池和NMC三元锂电池的区别有哪些呢?
设计经验 发布时间 : 2023-11-10
How to Solve the Imbalance between Li-ion Battery Pack Cells and the usual maintenance of Lithium-ion batteries
Grepow tells how to Solve the Imbalance between Li-ion Battery Pack Cells and the usual maintenance of Lithium-ion batteries? and then Grepow shares with you some of the usual maintenance of lithium-ion batteries
设计经验 发布时间 : 2022-08-04
Bike Light Battery Solution - Grepow GRP8024037 3.7V 600mAh Lithium Battery
GREPOW Battery is happy to offer any lithium battery for you, based on your capacity, size and performance demand. Let us go to see the bike light battery solution.
应用方案 发布时间 : 2024-09-06
Recycling and Regeneration of Lithium Batteries
Under the pursuit of economic and environmental protection, the production and demand of lithium batteries have grown in recent years. Decommissioned lithium batteries are known as high-grade mines, coupled with the price and mining of raw materials, so the recycling value is obvious.
行业资讯 发布时间 : 2022-03-17
Grepow Batteries Suit the Design of Various Smart Shoe Products,also ISO14000 Certified
Grepow battery has high pressure of 4.35 to 4.40V and a high energy density which can also work at low temperatures while having a longer cycle life. After 1,000 cycles, the original capacity remains 80%.
应用方案 发布时间 : 2022-03-14
Grepow Lithium Batteries for Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV)
GREPOW Custom AGV lithium batteries eliminate the headaches associated with lead-acid batteries. The automated guided vehicles that GREPOW develops are always tailored to your requirements in detail. Not only does this package include navigation and safety systems but energy management as well, of course. Please contact us for a quote that matches the required specifications.Lithium BatteryFirst of all, GREPOW provides you with the best lithium batteries.
原厂动态 发布时间 : 2024-09-05
Grepow Battery will exhibit at 2022 Summer Asia Smart Wearable Exhibition
The bi-annual Asia Smart Wearable Exhibition (ASWE) will be held from July 18 to July 20 at Shenzhen International Convention and Exhibition Center. Grepow will bring its smart wear accessories shaped lithium-ion batteries and button batteries present, booth number: C24 in Hall 4.
原厂动态 发布时间 : 2022-07-09
Tips for maintenance and emergency disposal of agriculture drone battery
In this article, Grepow talks about how the agriculture drone battery is daily maintained, and how to dispose of it when there is an emergency.
设计经验 发布时间 : 2022-06-03
What Types of Batteries Are Used in Pet GPS Trackers?
Pet GPS trackers have become essential tools for pet owners who want to ensure the safety and well-being of their furry companions. These devices rely on a steady power source to function effectively, and the type of battery used can significantly impact their performance, size, and convenience. Different trackers utilize various battery types, each with its own advantages and drawbacks. Understanding the types of batteries used in pet GPS trackers is crucial for making an informed decision that aligns with your pet’s needs and your lifestyle.
技术探讨 发布时间 : 2024-09-04
Grepow Rechargeable Li-lon Button Cells Solutions for High-tech Applications
Grepow has provided dedicated energy solutions for high-tech applications in bluetooth headsets for smart phones, notebook bridging function, body shaping and training sensors, medical and health care equipment, wireless sensor and network infrastructure and many more. For all these applications, Grepow offers a range of Lithium-Ion button cells and battery assemblies in diameters from 7.8 - 24 mm with 6.5 mAh to 210 mAh.
应用方案 发布时间 : 2024-07-25
What is the packaging technology of soft pack Li Ion battery?
Soft pack lithium-ion batteries are always found in consumer electronics, as UAV/drone batteries, and the high-performance batteries of RCs, for military, and automotive industries. This article talks about the packaging technology of soft pack Li Ion battery.
设计经验 发布时间 : 2022-06-15
Next-Generation eVTOL Battery Technology
The United Nations projects that 68% of the world‘s population will live in urban areas by 2050, up from 55% in 2018. Urban air mobility (UAM)—an ecosystem unlocking the airspace for on-demand passenger and cargo transportation by flying vehicles—has the potential to disrupt urban mobility systems. Electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, combining helicopters’ convenience of local takeoff and landing, airplanes’ efficient aerodynamic flight, and electric powertrains‘ low noise and environmental impact, have emerged as the most promising candidate for UAM.
技术探讨 发布时间 : 2024-08-30
电子商城
现货市场
服务
可自由定制电池形状,锂离子聚合物/磷酸铁锂成分,放电倍率Max. 50C (持续放电倍率) / 150C (脉冲放电倍率),充电倍率:Max. 5,厚度可达0.5mm。
最小起订量: 5000 提交需求>
登录 | 立即注册
提交评论