Laird Thermal Systems Developed A Thermal Solution Using Open Cage Active Transceiver Cooler for Active Cooling of Optical Transceivers

时间： 2024-09-09 来源：Laird Thermal Systems Official Website

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Introduction

Tier 1 OEMs in telecom infrastructure market are designing the next standard for telecommunications, 5G. It will provide faster data transmission speeds than current LTE (4G) systems, approaching broadband speeds achieved with landlines. The latency will be much lower, reducing the number of times packets need to be resent. This will be great for mobile users in densely populated areas trying to stream movies, music or live TV on their smart devices.

Faster data communications will present challenges for critical components of telecommunication networks such as optical transceivers. Optical transceivers are installed in radio units to transmit and receive data from the base station. The temperature of the device in an outdoor environment will increase due to smaller form factors and no access to forced airflow, which will increase the heat flux density of the radio unit. This results in high operating temperatures that exceed the maximum temperature limit of the optical transceiver, thus requiring an active cooling solution.

Optical Transceivers

An optical transceiver is a small form factor (SFP) pluggable transceiver, see image below. The transceiver contains a laser diode that converts data into light signals and vice versa, enabling high-speed data transmission at far distances. To ensure transmission of data, temperatures should be kept typically below 70°C. The traditional thermal solution for the QSFP is currently passive, containing an interface material attached to a heat sink that dissipates heat through natural convection. This option, however, has been found to have difficulty with rejecting heat into the ambient environment for radio units in 5G systems.

In natural convection, the heat transfer occurs from the thermodynamic principal of heat moving from hot to cooler region to find equilibrium or in this case from transceiver to heat sink to ambient air. Large surface areas are required to convect heat naturally, and unfortunately, SFP form factors cannot accommodate large heat sinks. In forced convection, the heat transfer is assisted by forced airflow from fans and the heat transfer will improve with a velocity of airflow. However, fans are not permitted due to the high maintenance costs of replacing them in the field. Many radio units are located in towers and are not easily accessible. Outdoor environments can be harsh, which will limit the operating lifetime of a fan versus indoor applications. Therefore, it is not expected that such a thermal solution will be cost-effective for cooling optical transceivers in outdoor environments.

Figure 1: SFP Transceiver

Active Thermal Cooling

An active thermal solution that requires no maintenance and can cool hot spots below surrounding ambient conditions is thermoelectric or Peltier coolers. This is a semiconductor-based device made from Bismuth Telluride that has unique properties to pass through electric current while causing high thermal insulating characteristics. As a result, a small heat pump is formed that removes heat from the control side to the hot side. Ceramic substrates are used for heat spreading and electrical isolation to pass thru current on each P and N junction element. A Peltier cooler can be as small as 2 x 2 mm’s, allowing it to operate in tight space constraints. Below is a schematic of a thermoelectric cooler.

Figure 2: Schematic of a thermoelectric cooler module.

Laird Thermal Systems has developed a unique thermal solution using Peltier coolers for optical transceivers. The key challenges were:

Maintaining a high Coefficient of Performance (COP) to limit heat rejection requirements from thermoelectric coolers onto natural convective heat sink.
Durable construction to operate in elevated temperature environments, up to 120°C.
Develop a thermal solution with a high degree of reliability.

The objective was to design a thermoelectric cooler assembly that can remove heat generated by optical transceivers running in environments where temperatures can exceed 95°C.

Active Transceiver Cooler (ATC) Assembly

Laird Thermal Systems’ active cooling solution optimized the performance and efficiency by developing a custom thermoelectric cooler assembly, see figure 3. Customization down to the TE element allows for optimization of heat pumping capacity to heat rejection mechanism for operating conditions with a ΔT of roughly ~30°C. The thermoelectric assembly is designed to accommodate specific footprints and input power constraints commonly available in the optical component market. Our Active Transceiver Cooler (ATC) line of miniature form factor Peltier units are designed to work with optical transceivers.

The thermoelectric cooler uses a high temperature solder construction. It is designed to accommodate the footprint of an EMI cage that goes around the optical transceiver. Our interface materials are used to mount onto mating heat transfer surfaces and clips are used to assemble the ATC Cooler onto the EMI cage. An aluminum plate is used for structural integrity of the assembly and to aid in heat spreading. An NTC thermistor is adhered to the control side for temperature control.

Figure 3: Active Transceiver Cooler (ATC) assembled to an EMI Cage.

Closed versus Open cage design

The problem with the closed cage type of ATC cooler is that it leaves a 1 to 2 mm air gap between the EMI cage and the optical transceiver, causing an insulating barrier. Customer test results show a large temperature differential across the air gap of 14⁰C. To make sure the transceiver does not exceed its maximum operating temperature limit of 70ºC, the thermoelectric cooler needs to maintain a temperature below 40⁰C.

To improve performance, Laird Thermal Systems has designed the open cage ATC Cooler. By using an optimized heat spreader and an open EMI cage, the thermal resistance of the control side can be reduced, making the Peltier Cooler work more efficiently.

To validate the improved performance of an open cage ATC Cooler, we simulated a test setup, as shown in Figure 4. This allowed us to test the system design under various conditions dependent on the heat load generated for a typical QSFP transceiver. Test results in figure 5 proves that the open cage ATC has higher Qc power than the closed cage ATC.

Figure 4: Test setup of Closed versus Open cage ATC Cooler.

Figure 5: Performance Comparison ATC Open Cage versus Closed Cage. Th = 95⁰C, V = 5 VDC, no load

Conclusion

In an outdoor environment, the open cage Active Transceiver cooler (ATC) yields an optimal solution to maintain form factor and minimize latency of a remote radio unit. With almost no maintenance or operating costs, thermoelectrics are ideal for keeping optical transceivers below their maximum operating temperature. Laird Thermal Systems’ Active Transceiver Cooler provides a compact form factor and the cooling efficiency needed to maintain peak performance of QSFPs under ever increasing data transmission speeds for next generation 5G networks.

Applications

Optoelectronics

Telecom

Optical Transceivers

Product Section

Thermoelectric Cooler Assemblies

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本文由Ray转载自Laird Thermal Systems Official Website，原文标题为:Active Cooling of Optical Transceivers，本站所有转载文章系出于传递更多信息之目的，且明确注明来源，不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系，我们将立即进行删除处理。

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Laird Thermal Systems（莱尔德热系统）TEA和温度控制器选型指南

Thermoelectric cooler assemblies are compact units that control the temperature of a wide variety of applications, such as laser diode packages in active optics, lasers in medical and industrial instrumentation, electronic enclosures, sample storage chambers in medical diagnostics and analytical instruments and batteries in various automotive and telecom applications.

LAIRD THERMAL SYSTEMS - DIRECT-TO-LIQUID ASSEMBLIES,THERMOELECTRIC CHILLER,直接对空气组件,OUTDOOR COOLER,室外冷却器,液-液组件,直接到液体的组件,PROGRAMMABLE PID CONTROLLER,TEMPERATURE CONTROLLERS,液体-空气组件,DIRECT-TO-AIR ASSEMBLIES,SINGLE DIRECTIONAL THERMOSTATIC,可编程PID控制器,AIR-TO-AIR ASSEMBLIES,THERMOELECTRIC COOLER ASSEMBLIES,空对空组件,LIQUID-TO-AIR ASSEMBLIES,单向恒温,热电冷却器,热电冷却器组件,温度控制器,LIQUID-TO-LIQUID ASSEMBLIES,LA-045,DA-075-24-02-00-00,DA-034-24-02-00-00,AAC-050,LA-160,DA-014-12-02-00-00,AA-150-48-44-00-XX,AA-200-48-22-00-00,DAT-105-24-02-00-00,SLA-400,AA-200,DAT-040-12-02-00-00,AA-060-12-22-00-00,AA-100-,AAT-032-12-22-00-00,AA-040-24-22-00-00,DAT-065-24-02-00-00,DA-115-24-02-00-00,LL-120-24-00-00-00,AA-200-24-22-00-00,SDAX-135-24-02-00-00,Q SERIES,AA-150-24-44-00-XX,SLA-400-24-02-00-00,SAAX-215,DA-044-24-02-00-00,DL-210,DL-120-24-00-00,DA-045-24-02-00-00,SLAX-140,AA-150-24-22-00-00,385901-001,DA-024-24-02-00-00,AAT-027,SAAX-175,LA-115-24-02-00-00,AA-250-24-44-00-XX,ATT-027-12-22-00-00,AAT-085-12-22-00-00,LA-024-12-02-00-00,LA-045-12-02-00-00,QE-50,SAAX-175-24-22-00-00,DL-060,DA-280-48-02-00-00,NRC400,AA-480,SDAX,DA-160-24-02-00-00,387006702,AA-230,387006704,387006703,387006706,SR-54,387006708,SAAX-115-24-22-00-00,DA-075-12-02-00-00,LL-060-12-00-00-00,387006707,ATT-055-24-22-00-00,AA-024-12-22-00-00,LA-075-24-02-00-00,DAT-029-12-02-00-00,DAC-035-12-02-00-00,SLAX-215-24-02-00-00,AAT-055-12-22-00-00,DA-033-12-02-00-00,AA-100-24-22-00-00,DA-034-12-02-00-00,387004253,DL-060-24-00-00,DA-025,DAT-065-12-02-00-00,AA-230-48-D44-00-XX,DAT-105-12-02-00-00,AA-040-12-22-00-00,DA-280-24-02-00-00,AA-070-24-22-00-00,QC-50,DA-135-24-02-00-00,AA-060-24-22-00-00,DAC-060-24-02-00-00,NRC400-T0-00-PC1,AA-250-48-44-00-XX,AA-250,SDAX-220-24-02-00-00,AA-019-12-22-00-00,LL-210-24-00-00-00,AA-100-48-44-00-XX,PR-59,PR SERIES,DA-044-12-02-00-00,DA-045-12-02-00-00,AAC-050-24-22-00-00,X SERIES,AA-150,DA-024-12-02-00-00,AA-100-24-44-00-XX,DA-045,AAT-085-24-22-00-00,AA-230-24-D44-00-XX,AA-200-48-44-00-XX,DA-011-05-02-00-00,DA-280,LA-024-24-02-00-00,LA-160-24-02-00-00,LL-060,AA-480-24-44-00-XX,SLAX-215,SDAX-220,SAAX-140,AA-040,LA-045-24-02-00-00,SLAX-145-24-02-00-00,AA-200-24-44-00-XX,LL-210,AA-024-24-22-00-00,DL-210-24-00-00,AA-034-12-22-00-00,AA-480-48-44-00-XX,DL-060-12-00-00,医学,MEDICAL,TELECOM ENCLOSURES,汽车,AEROSPACE DEFENSE,离心机,HIGH POWERED PROJECTORS,AUTOMOTIVE,高功率激光二极管,LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY,HIGH POWERED LASER DIODES,光电子学,电信外壳,INCUBATORS,航空航天防御,样品储存室,BATTERY BACKUP SYSTEMS,OPTOELECTRONICS,孵化器,计量仪器,液相层析,ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION,SEMICONDUCTOR FABRICATION,SAMPLE STORAGE COMPARTMENTS,医学诊断学,KIOSKS,半导体制造,METROLOGY INSTRUMENTATION,电池冷却,电信,售货亭,MEDICAL LASERS,无线通讯,CENTRIFUGES,医疗诊断室,TELECOMMUNICATIONS,交通运输,工业,分析仪器,医用激光器,数字彩色印刷系统,FOOD&BEVERAGE,食品和饮料,MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS CHAMBERS,TRANSPORTATION,备用电池系统,TELECOM,INDUSTRIAL,DIGITAL COLOR PRINTING SYSTEMS,BATTERY COOLING,INDUSTRIAL LASER SYSTEMS,MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS,高功率投影仪,工业激光系统

050424 - 选型指南代理服务技术支持采购服务

试剂储存莱尔德热系统的热电冷却器组件应用笔记

本文介绍了热电制冷组件在试剂储存中的应用。阐述了试剂储存对温度控制的重要性，分析了传统制冷方式和热电制冷的优势，并详细介绍了Laird Thermal Systems的热电制冷解决方案，包括SuperCool X系列、PowerCool系列和Tunnel系列，以及其特点和应用。此外，还强调了热电制冷组件在精确温度控制、节能、环保等方面的优势。

LAIRD THERMAL SYSTEMS - TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER,固态热泵装置,SOLID-STATE HEAT PUMP DEVICES,THERMOELECTRIC COOLER ASSEMBLIES,温度控制器,热电冷却器组件,COOLING SYSTEMS,冷却系统,SLA-400,SR-54 SERIES,SR-54,ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION,医学,ANALYTICAL TESTING,MEDICAL,ANALYTICAL,INDOOR LAB ENVIRONMENTS,MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC EQUIPMENT,室内实验室环境,REAGENT STORAGE,MEDIUM TO LARGE MEDICAL STORAGE CHAMBERS,分析测试,REAGENT STORAGE COMPARTMENTS,INDUSTRIAL,试剂储存,医疗诊断设备,分析的,MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS,医学诊断学,试剂储存室,中型至大型医用储存室,工业,分析仪器

071520 - 应用笔记或设计指南代理服务技术支持采购服务

Laird Thermal Systems Launches PCX Thermoelectric Cooler Series to Increase Reliability of PCR Cycling

This paper mainly introduces the advantages of Laird Thermal Systems with regard to their PCX series Thermoelectric Coolers applications

2024-09-14 - 产品代理服务技术支持采购服务

冷冻离心机的帕尔贴冷却莱尔德热系统应用笔记

本文介绍了在离心机中应用Peltier冷却技术以实现精确温度控制的重要性。文章讨论了实验室离心机在热管理方面面临的挑战，如温度稳定性、空间限制、噪音水平、振动和制冷剂限制。Peltier冷却器因其高效、节能和可靠性而被推荐作为解决方案。文章详细介绍了Peltier冷却器的工作原理、规格和Laird Thermal Systems提供的具体产品系列，如Ceramic Plate (CP) Series和Tunnel Series、SuperCool X Series。此外，还讨论了与温度控制器结合使用Peltier冷却系统带来的优势，包括精确的温度控制和低噪音操作。最后，文章强调了Laird Thermal Systems在提供制冷解决方案方面的经验和专业知识。

LAIRD THERMAL SYSTEMS - TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER,温度控制单元,THERMOELECTRIC COOLERS,主动式帕尔贴冷却器,PELTIER COOLERS,珀尔帖冷却器,闭环温度控制器,CLOSED-LOOP TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER,主动式固态热泵,冷冻离心机,ACTIVE SOLID-STATE HEAT PUMPS,PELTIER COOLING ASSEMBLIES,TEMPERATURE CONTROL UNIT,珀耳帖冷却组件,THERMOELECTRIC COOLER ASSEMBLIES,REFRIGERATED CENTRIFUGES,ACTIVE PELTIER COOLERS,热电冷却器,温度控制器,热电冷却器组件,PR-59,SR-54 SERIES,SR-54,食品加工,医学研究,MEDICAL RESEARCH,FOOD PROCESSING

050324 - 应用笔记或设计指南代理服务技术支持采购服务

Laird Thermal SystemsLaunches the OptoTEC™ MBX Series, a New Line of Micro Thermoelectric Coolers for High-performance Space-constrained Optoelectronic Applications

Laird Thermal Systems launches the OptoTEC™ MBX Series, a new line of micro thermoelectric coolers for high-performance space-constrained optoelectronic applications. The latest design innovation includes a compact footprint, with the smallest model measuring just 1.5 x 1.1 mm and profiles as thin as 0.65 mm.

2024-11-14 - 产品代理服务技术支持采购服务

医疗激光冷却用热电冷却器和组件

本文介绍了热电制冷器和组件在医疗激光冷却应用中的作用。文章阐述了医疗激光器产生的热量及其对性能的影响，并强调了散热的重要性。文中详细说明了热电制冷器的原理、特点和应用，包括Laird Thermal Systems的CP系列和UltraTEC™ UTX系列产品。此外，还讨论了热电制冷器组件的设计和优势，特别是针对医疗激光应用的Tunnel、PowerCool和SuperCool X系列产品的特点和配置。最后，总结了热电制冷器和组件作为稳定医疗激光系统温度的理想解决方案的优势。

LAIRD THERMAL SYSTEMS - THERMOELECTRIC COOLERS,SOLID-STATE HEAT PUMPS,THERMOELECTRIC COOLER ASSEMBLIES,热电冷却器,热电冷却器组件,固态热泵,SLA-400,MEDICAL LASER COOLING,医用激光冷却,MEDICAL LASER,医用激光

090320 - 应用笔记或设计指南代理服务技术支持采购服务

Laird（莱尔德）热电组件（TEA）选型指南

Company and product introduction Power Cool Series/Tunnel Series Thermoelectric Assemblies Outdoor Cooler Series/Cascade Series Thermoelectric Assemblies Direct-to-Liquid Systems/Temperature Controllers/Recirculating Thermoelectric Chillers

LAIRD - TUNNEL SERIES,DIRECT-TO-AIR SYSTEMS (DA),THERMOELECTRIC ASSEMBLIES,AIR-TO-AIR SYSTEMS (AA),LIQUID-TO-AIR SYSTEMS (LA),OUTDOOR COOLER,热电组件,THERMOELECTRIC ASSEMBLIES (TEA),RECIRCULATING THERMOELECTRIC CHILLERS,TEMPERATURE CONTROLLERS,再循环热电冷却器,TEA,DIRECT-TO-LIQUID SYSTEMS (DL),MRC CHILLERS,POWER COOL SERIES,温度控制器,CASCADE,DA-075-24-02-00-00,DA-034-24-02-00-00,DA-014-12-02-00-00,AA-150-48-44-00-XX,HT,AA-200-48-22-00-00,DAT-105-24-02-00-00,AA-200,DAT-040-12-02-00-00,AA-060-12-22-00-00,AAT-032-12-22-00-00,AA-040-24-22-00-00,DAT-065-24-02-00-00,CASCADE SERIES,DA-115-24-02-00-00,AA-200-24-22-00-00,AA-060,DH2,AA-150-24-44-00-XX,WATTSMRC CHILLER SERIES,DA-044-24-02-00-00,DL-120-24-00-00,DA-045-24-02-00-00,AA-150-24-22-00-00,POWERCOOLSERIES,OUTDOOR COOLER SERIES,DA-024-24-02-00-00,MRC 150,AA-070,LA-115-24-02-00-00,AA-100,AA-250-24-44-00-XX,ATT-027-12-22-00-00,AAT-085-12-22-00-00,LA-024-12-02-00-00,LA-045-12-02-00-00,QE-50,DA-160-24-02-00-00,DA-115,SR-54,DA-075-12-02-00-00,AA-024-12-22-00-00,ATT-055-24-22-00-00,LA-075-24-02-00-00,MRC 300,DAT-029-12-02-00-00,DAC-035-12-02-00-00,AAT-055-12-22-00-00,AA-100-24-22-00-00,DA-033-12-02-00-00,DA-034-12-02-00-00,DL-060-24-00-00,DA-024,DAT-065-12-02-00-00,AA-230-48-D44-00-XX,DAT-105-12-02-00-00,AA-040-12-22-00-00,AA-070-24-22-00-00,QC-50,DA-135-24-02-00-00,MRC SERIES,AA-060-24-22-00-00,DAC-060-24-02-00-00,AA-250-48-44-00-XX,DA-014,DA-135,AA-019,AA-019-12-22-00-00,AA-100-48-44-00-XX,PR-59,DA-044-12-02-00-00,DA-045-12-02-00-00,AAC-050-24-22-00-00,AA-150,DA-024-12-02-00-00,DAC035,AA-024,AA-100-24-44-00-XX,DA-044,DA-045,AAT-085-24-22-00-00,AA-230-24-D44-00-XX,AA-200-48-44-00-XX,DA-011-05-02-00-00,480TUNNEL SERIES,DA-160,LA-024-24-02-00-00,LA-160-24-02-00-00,AA-480-24-44-00-XX,AA-040,LA-045-24-02-00-00,AA-200-24-44-00-XX,DVA,AA-034,AA-024-24-22-00-00,DL-210-24-00-00,DA-034,AA-034-12-22-00-00,AA-480-48-44-00-XX,DL-060-12-00-00,医学,TELECOM ENCLOSURES,HIGH POWERED PROJECTORS,MEDICAL IMAGING,JUICE DISPENSERS,高功率激光二极管,HIGH POWERED LASER DIODES,临床诊断学,CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS,电信外壳,BATTERY BACKUP SYSTEMS,工业与仪器仪表,饮料冷却器,果汁机,自动贩卖机,计量仪器,TELECOMMUNICATIONS,小冰箱,ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTATION,MEDICAL,COFFEE MAKERS,KIOSKS,PCR,METROLOGY INSTRUMENTATION,INDUSTRIAL & INSTRUMENTATION,售货亭,MEDICAL LASERS,咖啡机,无线通讯,PORTABLE FOOD CONTAINERS,TELECOM MARKETS,BEVERAGE COOLERS,INDOOR USE IN LAB INSTRUMENTS,FOOD & BEVERAGE,INDUSTRIAL MARKETS.,食品&饮料,分析仪器,医用激光器,便携式食品容器,数字彩色印刷系统,备用电池系统,医学影像,DIGITAL COLOR PRINTING SYSTEMS,VENDING MACHINES,SMALL REFRIGERATORS,INDUSTRIAL LASER SYSTEMS,聚合酶链反应,高功率投影仪,工业激光系统

2018/06/17 - 选型指南代理服务技术支持采购服务

What is the maximum ambient temperature that Thermoelectric coolers or assemblies can operate in?

The maximum operating temperature of standard thermoelectric coolers is 80⁰C. For higher temperatures, our HiTemp ETX Series thermoelectric cooler offer cooling for applications with ambient temperatures up to 150°C. For thermoelectric cooler assemblies, the Outdoor Cooler Series has the widest capacity range with an operational capacity from -40°C to +55°C ambient. The SuperCool Series thermoelectric cooler assembly can withstand the highest temperature of 60°C.

2024-10-30 - 技术问答