EMI滤波器在电力电子中的作用
随着功率转换系统的不断进步,尤其是采用如碳化硅(SiC)和氮化镓(GaN)这类能承受更高电压并拥有宽带隙特性的半导体材料后,系统设计人员面临着在电磁干扰(EMI)频率管理上的新难题。在此背景下,EMI滤波器在确保系统在高电压环境下安全稳定运行方面扮演了至关重要的角色。以下将阐述EMI滤波器如何在这一关键环节发挥重要作用。
1、EMI滤波器在电力电子中的作用
EMI滤波器旨在防止内部产生的电噪声在系统中传导,并对其他地方的操作产生负面影响。换句话说,它们包含并管理噪音。在电力电子领域,它们采用电力线滤波器的形式,保护线路免受上游噪声的影响。
尽管不同系统的要求可能会导致列表有所差异,但电力线滤波器的核心组件通常包括以下几项:
共模滤波器电路,包含两个或多个线对底盘电容器以及共模电感器;
差模(DM)滤波器电路,至少配备一对串联电感器和一个线对线电容器;
补偿网络,用于调整滤波器的品质因数(Q)并根据实际需求对输出阻抗进行相应调整;
瞬态电压抑制装置,有效防止浪涌现象的发生。
图1展示了一种EMI滤波器的结构,该结构既适用于单相交流应用,也适用于直流电源输入。
图1展示了专为单相交流应用或直流电源输入而设计的EMI滤波器结构。
L1是一个共模扼流圈,其主要功能是抑制电磁干扰(EMI),同时提升信号的完整性。L1与C5、C6相互配合,共同管理二阶损耗问题,其中C5和C6常被称作Y电容器。另外,L2与L3是两个电感器,它们组合起来形成差模电感。而C1、C2和C4,也被称为X电容器,主要在线对线之间用于处理差模损耗。通过综合控制共模损耗与差模损耗,并借助两个RC分流网络(分别是R1与C3,以及R2与C7),我们可以有效地调控品质因数及输出阻抗。
2、差模(正常模式)与共模
差分模式(亦称正常模式)噪声,指的是在电源线与中性线(或称回线)间产生的电压差异,这种差异伴随着电流在电路中的自然流动而出现。在此类情况下,电流会在电路的不同导体上沿相反方向流动。由于差分模式瞬态噪声在电路中拥有直接的传导路径,它们对系统性能构成更为直接的威胁,可能导致系统性能的自然衰减与下降。
利用高频开关进行的电源管理和电机控制,特别是脉宽调制(PWM)技术在电机控制中的应用,是引发差模噪声的主要因素。具体来说,当采用PWM控制时,直流链路电容器1中流经的高幅值纹波电流会导致开关元件在源极位置产生显著的差模噪声。
1:[https://blog.knowlescapacitors.com/blog/what-are-dc-link-supporting-filters]
或者,共模电流在电路的各导体上沿同一方向流动,并各自通过不同路径返回。这种噪声现象常见于地线以及两条正常模式线路之间。鉴于它在多条线路上更为普遍,因此引起了人们的广泛关注。模拟电路与数字电路在面临此类噪声时,极易出现功能异常甚至故障。共模噪声的频率往往高于差模噪声,这主要归因于电容耦合效应。较高的频率会加剧组件与线路间的耦合作用。耦合程度越强,节点处产生噪声的现象就越普遍。
3、安全电容器在电力电子设备的EMI滤波电路中的作用
在图1的描述中,明确标识的X电容器和Y电容器被特别指定为安全电容器2。鉴于它们相较于其他组件更容易暴露于潜在的危险电压之中,因此需要通过相应的认证来确保这些电容器即便在更为严苛的条件下,也能高效且安全地运行。
X类和Y类电容器在各类应用中发挥着关键作用,最大限度地减少了电磁干扰(EMI)。具体而言,X类(或称“跨线”)电容器被置于承载交流电流的电线之间,其主要功能是预防在设备发生故障时发生触电事故。而Y类(或称“线对地”)电容器则提供线对地的保护屏障,并且经过严格的测试流程,以确保在接地故障发生时能最大程度地降低电击风险。X1/Y1安全电容器集上述两种类型之优点于一身,无论其在电路中的具体位置如何,均能确保正常且安全地工作。
根据您的具体应用需求,建议您查阅我们关于MLCC(多层陶瓷电容器)Class-X和Class-Y3,以及薄膜Class-X4和Class-Y5电容器的相关页面,以获取更为详尽的信息。
4:[https://www.cde.com/new-product/mxt/]
5:[https://www.cde.com/new-product/myh/]
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本文由ll转载自Knowles楼氏电容公众号,原文标题为:楼氏洞察 | EMI滤波器在电力电子中的作用,本站所有转载文章系出于传递更多信息之目的,且明确注明来源,不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
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型号- SFSWG5000471MC0,SFSWG,SFSWG1000223MX0,SFSWG5000151MC0,SFSWG1000333MX0,SFSWG5000220ZC0,SFSWG5000101MC0,SFSWG2000153MX0,SFSWG5000330ZC0,SFSWG5000680ZC0,SFSWG5000102MX0,SFSWG5000103MX0,SFSWG2000223MX0,SFSWG5000681MX0,SFSWG5000682MX0,TYPE SFSWG,SFSWG5000470ZC0,SFSWG5000221MC0,SFSWG5000332MX0,SFSWG5000222MX0,SFSWG5000100ZC0,SFSWG5000472MX0,SFSWG5000331MC0,SFSWG5000152MX0
SFAK Feedthrough EMI Filter Datasheet
型号- SFAKC5000150ZC,SFAKT5000101MC,SFAKL5000152MX,SFAKT5000680MC,SFAKL5000221MC,SFAKC5000152MX,SFAKL5000150ZC,SFAK.SFAKT5000102MX0,SFAKT1000104MX,SFAKT5000331MC,SFAKT5000153MX,SFAKC5000223MX,SFAKL5000472MX,SFAKT5000151MC,SFAKT5000333MX,SFAKC5000681MX,SFAKC5000471MX,SFAKL5000222MX,SFAKC5000100ZC,SFAKC5000331MC,SFAKL2000473MX,SFAKC5000102MX,SFAKL5000330ZC,SFAKL2000683MX,SFAKC5000333MX,SFAKL5000103MX,SFAKL0500154MX,SFAKL5000332MX,SFAKT5000681MX,SFAKT5000223MX,SFAKT5000100ZC,SFAKC5000221MC,SFAKT5000471MX,SFAKC0500154M,SFAKL5000220ZC,SFAKT5000102MX,SFAKL5000470ZC,SFAKL5000682MX,SFAKL1000104MX,SFAKC1000104MX,SFAKT5000221MC,SFAKC5000153MX,SFAKC5000151MC,SFAKT5000150ZC,SFAKT5000152MX,SFAKL5000680MC,SFAKL5000153MX,SFAKL5000101MC,SFAKL5000331MC,SFAKC5000682MX,SFAKL5000223MX,SFAKC5000222MX,SFAKC5000472MX,SFAKT5000332MX,SFAKC5000220ZC,SFAKC2000473MX,SFAKC5000470ZC,SFAKT5000330ZC,SFAKT2000683MX,SFAKC5000103MX,SFAKC5000332MX,SFAKL5000102MX,SFAKT5000682MX,SFAKT5000222MX,SFAKC5000330ZC,SFAKC2000683MX,SFAKL5000100ZC,SFAKL5000333MX,SFAKT5000472MX,SFAKC5000101MC,SFAKT2000473MX,SFAKT5000220ZC,SFAKC5000680MC,SFAKT5000470ZC,SFAKL5000471MX,SFAKT5000103MX,SFAKT0500154MX,SFAKL5000151MC,SFAKL5000681MX
电子商城
品牌:KYOCERA
品类:Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors
价格:¥0.2858
现货: 7,500
现货市场
服务
配备是德信号分析仪和网络分析仪,测试范围DC-9GHZ,可测试确定干扰源的频率,某频段的干扰功率,准确得到谐波功率和杂散频点测试。支持到场/视频直播测试,资深专家全程指导。
实验室地址: 深圳/苏州 提交需求>
可定制波导隔离器频率覆盖5.5GHz~110GHz,插损损低至0.25dB、隔离度、正向方向功率、封装尺寸参数。
最小起订量: 1pcs 提交需求>
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