【应用】基于国产变压器的电动汽车BMS均衡方案详解,实现一致性、可靠性、生产效率三高
电动汽车一般采用由多个大容量的锂离子电池组成的电池组来作为其动力电池。大容量锂电池存在比较明显的不一致性,而不一致性会影响电池的充放电能力及循环寿命。BMS(Battery Management System 电池管理系统)能够通过均衡改善电池的不一致性,提升锂电池整体性能。BMS的均衡方式——被动均衡和主动均衡是业界争论的热点之一。主动均衡和被动均衡都可以消除电池的不一致性,但二者的实现方式有着明显的差别。
图 1
BMS 的被动均衡方式
BMS的被动均衡原理是测算各电池单元的电量,然后将高电量的电池能量通过电阻放电以与低电量电池的电量保持相等状态。从被动均衡原理中我们可以看出,如果将电池组比作木桶,串接的电池单元就是组成木桶的板,电量高的就是长板。被动均衡做的工作就是“将各长板截短至与最短板相同,而不对短板进行补长”,电量高的电池中的能量变成热耗散掉。一旦各电池单元一致性较差时,大量的电量不得不被均衡掉,电能使用效率低。此外,因为将电能转变成热量耗散,带来了两难的问题:如果均衡电流大,热量多,则散热成为问题;如果均衡电流小,那么在大容量电池组中、电量差别大的情况下要达到各电池电量一致需要很长时间。
BMS 的主动均衡方式
主动均衡是把高电量电池中的能量转移到低电量电池中,相当于对木桶“长板截下一部分再拼接到短板上使各板长度相同”。采用变压器进行DC-DC充放电是主动均衡“截长补短”最常见的方法。显然,主动均衡方式电能使用效率高(能量被转移,损耗只是变压器和DC-DC电路的损耗,占比小),产生热量低,均衡速度快(可设计为短时大电流进行均衡),在性能上完胜被动均衡方式。因此,虽然主动均衡方式结构复杂,成本高出被动均衡很多,但仍受到各厂商的青昧,有成为电动汽车BMS均衡方式主流的趋势。以Linear公司的双向主动均衡芯片LTC3300为例,能利用一个可高达36V的输入共模电压对多达6节串联连接的电池进行平衡。来自任意选定电池的电荷能以高效率在其自身与12节或更多节相邻的电池之间来回传输,当多个LTC3300器件串联连接时,它们就能够同时运作,因而允许对电池组中的所有电池同时独立地进行充电放电,从而快速达到电量均衡。
主动均衡的变压器
主动均衡可采用结构简单的双绕组变压器,但要求变压器饱和电流高于应用中出现的峰值电流。仍以LTC3300为例,其通常采用的双绕组变压器初级绕组电感量介于1~20μH,初次级圈比1:2,次级绕组与多达12节电池并联,饱和电流一般超过3A。
顺络电子目前已建立起多条变压器的全自动化生产线,非常适合生产上述结构相对简单的变压器,产品具有一致性高、可靠性高、生产效率高的优点。典型产品ATWEP121111B200如下:
图 2
表 1
图 3
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HVAC/R + APPLIANCE Component Solutions
目录- Company Introduction Miniature Circuit Breaker Definite Purpose Contactors Power Relay 2 Pole HVAC/R Relay Motor Start Potential Relay Electric Heat Sequencers Fan Centers Transformers NTC Type Thermistors and Temperature Sensors Thermostats and Temperature Controls
型号- AZ2280–1A–208AF,AZ2800–2C–12D,AZ2800–2C–24D,C-011,XMC0-903,AZ2800–2C–48D,AZ2800–2C–12A,AZ2800–2C–24A,AZ2280–1A–6DF,C-018,C-017,C-014,C-013,C-016,C-015,AZ2700–1A–100D,ZC24A34-14,C-207C,AZ9401–1C–240A,ZC24A34-6,XMC0-253A,C-022,AZ2700–1A–3D,XMC0-403A,3ARR3,MMBQW,TS023002,B-003A,XMC0,A113,C-025,TS223003,A114,C-027,TS223001,AZ2700–2A–110D,AZ9401–1C–120A,UEB1-70/-XXX,AZ2900–1C–24A,FMBQW,AZ2700–1A–6A,AZ2700–2A–24D,AZ2700–2A–24A,AZ9401–1C–24A,AZ2700–2A–48D,AZ2700–2A–12A,NTS220002,AZ2700–1A–6D,NTS220001,AZ2700–2A–12D,AZ2800–2C–110D,AZ2280–1A–5DF,B-006B,FMBBW2X,AHR30318,AHR30317,C-301R,AHR30316,AHR30315,AHR30314,AHR30313,AHR30312,AHR30311,AHR30310,A2-022B,AZ2700–2A–220A,AZ2800–2C–220A,NTS220004,NTS220003,AZ2700–2A–48A,ZC24A34-3,ZC24A34-2,ZC24A34-5,ZC24A34-4,ZC24A34-1,ZC90119,ZC90118,A813,C-007,C-009,AHR30309,C-008,ZC90113,C-003,C-002,C-005,A013,C-004,FMW,AZ2700–2A–100D,ZCPRD6AM6-XXX,AZ2280–1A–15DF,ZC24A34-6-027,C-009B,AHR40309,AHR40312,AHR40311,ZC24A34-2-029,AHR40314,AHR40313,C-007S,AHR40310,FMBCW2X,C-008C,AZ2700–1A–200D,C-008B,AZ2280–1A–240AF,KSD301,AHRV,A313R,AZ2700–2A–6D,AHR40316,MMBW2,AZ2700–2A–6A,AHR40315,AHR40318,PTC,AHR40317,ZCPRA6AM6,ZCPR,A2-002R,AZ2280–1A–24AF,A2-038A,ZC24A34-3-036,A2-038B,XMC0-321,AZ2700–2A–200D,XMC0-327,B-307,B-305,B-304,XMC0-323,A2-613,XMC0-322,B-301,AZ2280–1A–48DF,AZ2280–1A–12AF,A617,AZ2700–2A–3D,C03J2,C-205,C03J0,C-207,C03J1,C-206,C-201,C-200,FMBDW1X,C-203,C-202,A2-039B,C-208,AZ2280-1A-110DF,AHR40309FMQT-XXXX,A2-039A,AZ2900–1C–120A,XMC0-323A,AZ2280,C-016X,C-016W,FMQT,A333R,ZC24A34-3-021,AHR50309,A2-030,A2-035,NTS110001XXX,XMC0-503,AZ2280–1A–24DF,AZ2900–1C–240A,AHR50317,FMQ2,C-015W,C-305,TS111002,C-302,3ARR22,AHR50318,C-301,ZC24A34-3-024,AZ2800–2C–6D,ZC24A34-3-025,ZC24A34-3-022,C-004A,ZC24A34-3-023,XMC0-253•EBBC-H00FG-XXXX,AHR50312,3ARR,ZC24A34-3-026,AHR50311,TS301001,AHR50310,AZ2900–1C–277A,ZC9034,AZ2280–1A–12DF,AZ2280–1A–120AF,XMC0-407,AZ2700,ZC24A34,AZ2280–1A–9DF,C-014R,UEB1-70,TS221003,TS111001,TS221002,TS221005,TS221004,A2-010,TS221007,TS221006,A324R,TS221008,A813R,XMC0-403,FMCW,A2-018,AHRV40310FMBWX(XXX),XMC0-402,XMC0-401,NTS223004,NTS223005,3ARR3AA2A1,A443R,TS221001,C-001R,C-013R,A2-007C,B-02,FMBEQWX,A2-029,NTS223006,ZC9011,XMC0-633,AHR SERIES,XMC0-753,AZ2800–2C–120A,AZ2800,TS110001,NTS023001,AZ2700–1A–120A,B-002,B-001,NTS123003,NTS123002,B-008,NTS123001,B-007,B-006,B-004,AZ2800–2C–240A,AZ2700–1A–12D,FMBW2,AZ2700–1A–24D,A313,A013R,A314,AZ2700–1A–24A,C-023R,AZ2700–1A–48D,AZ2700–1A–12A,XMC0-253,AZ2700–1A–240A,XMC0-252,AZ2700–1A–48A,B-305R,AZ2900,XMC0-251,A2-003,AZ2800–2C–277A,NTS221007,XMC0-257,A2-009,NTS221009,NTS221008,NTS221010,KSD301C,C-032,KSD301B,C-031,FMBAW1X,KSD301A,C-033,C-208R,C-030,FMWX,A113T,C-022R,A113R,A324,A443,A323,NTS SERIES,AZ2700–1A–220A,AZ2280–1A–18DF,B-024,B-023,AZ2700–1A–110D,AZ2280–1A–277AF,AZ2700–2A–240A,B-025,C-207R,ZC24A34-5-037,C-021R,AZ9401,A333,A334,B-012,B-010,AZ2700–2A–120A,A113E,A113B,B-019,B-018,B-017,A113F
NOVOSENSE Automotive Solution Enable the Electrification and Intellectualization of xEV
型号- NSI6602,NSI1311,NSE34050D-Q1,NCA1051,NSI6601,NSCSA2XX,NSR35XXX-Q1,NSI7258,NSM2013,NSD360X,NSM2015,NSC9260X,NSM2011,NSIP9XXX,NSC9262,NSI1300,NSD1025V,NSC9264,NSPAQ1,NSREF31XX,NSD12409-Q1,NSR2240X,NSP1830,NCA1042,NCA1043,NSD12416-Q1,NSOP905X,NSR7808,NSOPA240X,NCA1021S-Q1,NSD56008-Q1,NSE11409,NSP1831,NSP1832,NSM2020,NSR31,SPGM1,NSD7312,NSL2163X,NSR35,NSR33,NSD7315,NSOPA8XXX,NSD731X,NSD8308,NPC0X0N120,NSE11409-Q1,NSREF30/31XX,NSI826X,NSD8308-Q1,NSE34050,NSD11409,NSM201X,NSPDC1,NSR31XXX,NCA1021S,NSI1300D05,NSD10151,NSREF432,NSREF431,NSD1224,NSOPA801X,NSD83010-Q1,NSI6651,NSD11416,NCA1051A,NSD11416-Q1,NSUC1602,NSR31XXX-Q1,NSR33XX,NSE34050Q-Q1,NST1001,NSD56008,NSM3011,NSI82XX,NSL2363X,NSM3012,NSL21912,NSL2161X,NSI6801,NPC0X0N065,NSUC1610,NCA10XXA,NSD5604-Q1,NSI824X,NCA10XXB,NSD8306-Q1,NSM203X,NSI1300D25,NSL216XX,NSIP605X,NSD5604,NSOPA9XXX,NSR114XX-Q1,NSP1631,NSP1632,NSD12409,NSD83012-Q1,NSP1630,NSPASX,NSE425X,NCA102,NSI1624,NSE34050S-Q1,NSM1013,NSI8241WX,NSR33XXX-Q1,NSI6622,NSI822X,NSA9264,NCA1042B,NSD8381-Q1,NSD12416,NSPGM2,NSPGM1,NSIP6051,NSM101X,NSI6602V,NSD3608,NSIP6055,NSD3604,NSD3602,NSREF30XX,NSI6611,NSPAS1,NSPAS3,NCA1145,NSR31XX,NCA1043B,NSI6601M,NSR35XX,NSPAQX,NSAD795X,NSA9260X,NCA8T245,NSR114XX,NSR114X
顺络携新型的功率电感等多种产品和应用解决方案精彩亮相2024上海慕尼黑电子
2024年慕尼黑上海电子展隆重开展,顺络电子展示新型的功率电感、变压器、共模电感、铁氧体磁珠、钽电容、射频微波器件及电路保护器件等多种产品和应用解决方案。
原厂动态 发布时间 : 2024-08-30
电子商城
现货市场
服务
可定制变压器电压最高4.5KV,高频30MHz;支持平面变压器、平板变压器、OBC变压器、DCDC变压器、PLC信号变压器、3D电源、电流变压器、反激变压器、直流直流变压器、车载充电器变压器、门极驱动变压器等产品定制。
最小起订量: 100000 提交需求>
可定制平板变压器、主变压器的开关频率2MHz以内、输入电压1400V以内、输出电压1400V以内,50%以上的产品采用自动化生产,最快3天提供样品、7天交货。
最小起订量: 3000 提交需求>
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