【技术】DSD 25系列霍尔效应速度传感器助力现代列车中的技术升级

时间： 2019-05-22 来源：TE Connectivity

技术问答

众所周知，中国的铁路建设取得了举世瞩目的成就。在大规模建设的同时，中国铁路建设也十分注重质量的提升。其中轨道交通传感器是升级的一个关键环节。轨道交通中的速度传感器的主流是霍尔传感器，其工作原理如图1所示。根据霍尔效应原理，当列车齿轮凸出部分经过霍尔传感器时，磁场聚集，霍尔电压升高；当离开时，霍尔电压下降。故霍尔电压频率与齿轮旋转速度成比例，从而实现速度的测量。

图1. 霍尔传感器测速原理

在进行列车智能化升级过程中，往往需要多个霍尔速度传感器给多个控制、监控单元提供信号。若采用增加传感器数量的方法，不但会增加体积、器件成本，而且在现有的基础上如何安装也是很大的难题。如果重新对钣金部件进行设计，将会大幅提高研发成本，而且不能满足下一次升级需求。所以，增加霍尔传感器的通道数，是可行的方法。针对此处的应用，TE公司推出了DSD 25多通道霍尔速度传感器，如图2所示。该系列传感器含有3~4个传感元件，并具有两个电气相互隔离的传感器检测电路，每个电路最多可产生两路与齿轮旋转速度成正比的方波信号，当需要增加速度采样通道时，只需更换传感器即可，大大简化了升级应用。另外，其内部的传感器采用带有静止行为的半导体元件，可以与齿轮速度同步到0Hz，测速精度大幅提高。

图2. DSD 25霍尔速度传感器

DSD 25内部的两个隔离检测电路电源电压9VDC~30VDC，带有防止瞬态过压和极性保护功能，提高了应用的安全性。输出脉冲高电平大于电源电压-1.5V，低电平小于1.5V；在无负载的情况下，每个电路电流消耗最大为30mA(2通道)，输出脉冲频率范围0Hz~20KHz，满足列车测速的要求。传感器头工作温度-40~＋125℃，线缆工作温度为-40~＋150℃（标准电缆824L-36808），达到军工级别水平，具有很高的可靠性。同时，DSD 25经过多项认证，其EMC认证符合 EN 50121-3-2，传感器头保护等级达到IP68，振动和冲击符合EN 61373 Cat.3，能可靠的应用在现代列车中。

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