【技术】解析S参数及S参数反映的滤波器信息
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滤波器基础系列的最后一篇文章中,回顾了S参数可以告诉您滤波器性能的信息,并展示了如何使用免费的开源工具绘制滤波器的S参数的示例。
通常,将散射参数(通常称为S参数)视为RF数据的瑞士军刀,因为这些数据可以告诉您很多有关滤波器性能的信息。这是因为S参数文件是指微波网络的散射矩阵,它是一种数学结构,用于量化射频能量如何通过线性多端口网络传播。
对于双端口网络,S参数矩阵由四个S参数(S11、S12、S21和S22)组成,它们定义了射频系统中两个端口之间的关系。更具体地说,这四个S参数定义了双向网络中的以下元素:
S11–输入端的反射系数(Г),与回波损耗有关
S12–定义反向增益的传输系数
S21-也是测量正向增益的传输系数——在测量端口具有相同阻抗的情况下,这是插入损耗的测量
S22–也是反射系数,定义输出端口反射
图1. 双端口射频器件的S参数矩阵表示,其中a表示输入,b表示输出
使用滤波器的S参数,您可以计算插入损耗、回波损耗和电压驻波比(VSWR)的值,这(VSWR)是滤波器与给定阻抗匹配的度量,使用以下等式:
绘制滤波器S参数的真实示例
现在看一个示例,说明如何使用目录滤波器B095MB1S的S参数文件来测量滤波器的性能,它是一种9.5GHz表面贴装带通滤波器。对于本例中的分析,将使用基于Python编程语言的免费开源工具scikit-rf来绘制S参数。
要访问此滤波器(或任何滤波器)的S参数文件,只需在网站上搜索滤波器。获得文件后,将其存储在计算机上易于从Jupyter设置中访问的位置(该工具可以更轻松地在本地Web浏览器中以交互方式编写Python代码)。建议使用易于识别的名称重命名文件。对于示例,将文件放在名为“xband2”的文件夹中,并将文件命名为“B095MB1S.s2p”。由于Jupyter可以看到此文件夹,因此可以创建一个网络并查看网络属性。下面在Jupyter中输入的Python代码,用于调用此S参数文件并创建此示例网络以及结果。
请注意,在此示例中,testNtwk是一个表示双端口网络的网络对象。结果中的摘要信息是该数据集的频率范围、数据点的数量以及网络的阻抗。Network类还带有方便的内置方法来绘制和操作数据。在此示例中,可以通过调用plot_s_db方法快速绘制四个标准S参数的滤波器频率范围的对数幅度(以分贝为单位),或者可以单独绘制每个s参数(图2和图3)。
图2. 一个图中的所有四个S参数
图3. 单独绘制的每个S参数
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本文中Knowles将探讨基本的集总元件滤波器设计、常规的集总元件滤波器特点,以及如何打破集总元件滤波器的设计限制,开发各种高性能低频滤波的装置。
技术探讨 发布时间 : 2022-10-14
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可定制射频隔离器/环行器(10M-40GHz),双工器/三工器(30MHz/850MHz-20GHz),滤波器(DC-20GHz),功分器,同轴负载,同轴衰减器等射频器件;可定制频率覆盖DC~110GHz,功率最高20KW。
最小起订量: 1 提交需求>
可定制波导隔离器频率覆盖5.5GHz~110GHz,插损损低至0.25dB、隔离度、正向方向功率、封装尺寸参数。
最小起订量: 1pcs 提交需求>
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