【经验】导电橡胶压缩性能详解及注意事项

时间： 2020-02-22 来源：世强

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导电橡胶的屏蔽性能不仅跟填充颗粒的多少和种类有关，而且和导电橡胶的压缩量也密切相关。只有在导电橡胶上施加适当的接触应力，使导电橡胶产生合适的压缩变形量，导电橡胶的屏蔽性能才能得以发挥。

对于导电橡胶来说，压缩变形量和压缩永久变形是衡量导电橡胶压缩性能优劣最重要的两个参数。而我们大部分的人都分不清这两个概念，以为就是一个意思，所以开槽尺寸往往不符合要求，需要多次开槽才能找到最佳的开槽尺寸，其实压缩变形量和压缩永久变形量是不同的概念，压缩变形量是导电橡胶在使用过程中受到接触应力后应有的变形量，压缩变形量是否满足要求决定了导电性能和密封性能是否良好。而压缩永久变形不仅影响导电橡胶的密封性能，也是其重复利用率和使用寿命的重要指标。

1、压缩变形量

压缩变形量的定义是在一定负载下，在载荷施压方向导电橡胶截面高度的变化。压缩变形数据能给我们提供直观上对于不同结构以及不同截面形状关于不同材料的变形的比较。一般认为导电橡胶为不可压缩弹性体，即在受力压缩变形状态下体积基本保持不变。当一个压力载荷加在导电橡胶上，整体高度降低，在没有侧面载荷时，垂直方向变形将随着载荷增加而增加。如图1所示：

图1 导电橡胶随载荷变化的截面形状变化示意图

导电橡胶弹性体越硬，要达到要求变形量所需的压力就越大。根据导电橡胶的材料和组成形式，属于压力敏感材料，即施加载荷和由此产生的挤压会增加导电橡胶的导电性。因此，为了达到良好的导电性能和密封性能，对导电橡胶的压缩变形量进行确定和控制是很有必要的。

在导电橡胶的使用过程中，对导电橡胶的压缩量必须要控制在推荐的最大变形百分比以内。因为根据资料和试验经验来看，在几乎每一个过度的压缩变形的状况下，都会对导电橡胶造成不同程度的损坏，影响导电橡胶的永久压缩变形，造成导电性能丧失以及密封失败。

图2 LAIRD导电橡胶不同截面形状压缩变形量推荐

2、压缩永久变形

压缩永久变形是影响导电橡胶密封性能、重复使用率以及使用寿命最重要的特性之一。它反映了导电橡胶在一定时间、一定温度下的压缩变形后能够恢复到原来形状的能力。压缩永久变形越小，则导电橡胶的弹性越好，密封性和屏蔽性能更好，使用寿命也较长。

图3 永久压缩变形示意图

对导电橡胶压缩永久变形的测定，如图3所示，按如下步骤进行：

·取导电橡胶样本，在未压缩状态下对原始高度进行测量；

·利用夹具将导电橡胶夹紧，进行压缩变形，一般是原始的25%；

·将夹紧的样本连同夹具一起放在高温箱内烘烤70个小时，高温箱一般设定100℃；

·样件拿出后，将夹具松开，取下样品，48小时重新测量样品高度。将样件试验后测量的尺寸与实验前测量的尺寸相减，就是导电橡胶的压缩永久变形量。

对于有些材料的数据手册上没有写明压缩永久变形量，可以采用上述方法测试，如有实验条件，建议大家来料检验时可以测试一下这个数据。

导电橡胶的压缩性能影响着屏蔽性能，希望大家在设计EMI解决方案时仔细看了一下材料的数据手册，根据数据手册建议的压缩量来设计开槽尺寸，以免出现过压或压缩不足的现象。

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目录- ELECTROSEAL™导电橡胶压制品矩形条导电橡胶压制品空心矩形条导电橡胶压制品空心D型条导电橡胶压制品 O型条管导电橡胶压制品 D型条导电橡胶压制品通道条导电橡胶压制品 O型条导电橡胶压制品 P型条导电橡胶压制品 GEMINI™混合压成品模制O型环平垫圈垫片模制波导垫片矩形波导垫片 ElectroMet™定向线 ElectroMet™浸渍钢丝网和金属网状MIL接头垫片 MIL连接器垫圈 D型超小接头屏蔽罩自动点胶工艺现场制模电路板防护罩 ElectroCoat™导电橡胶板到底盘托脚 EMI垫片的腐蚀性

型号- 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

选型指南 - LAIRD - 2016年05月17日 PDF 中文下载