【经验】开关电源直流侧电流纹波估算与电解电容选型
开关电源直流侧往往需放置电容来滤波,以减少开关电源谐波对前级直流侧(电池、母线等)产生影响。电解电容手册中一般会给出额定纹波电流值(Rated ripple current)。若选择的电容额定纹波电流值过大,则会造成成本甚至体积浪费;而选择过小会造成电容无法承受而损坏。在实际项目中我们往往无法精确获得直流侧阻抗信息以供精密计算,因此需要进行一些估算,帮助我们选择适当的电容额定纹波电流值。
本文以一Buck-Boost电路为例分享如何根据电路进行纹波估算从而合理选型。本文所选电容为世强代理厂牌Nippon Chemi-Con(俗称“黑金刚”)的一款高纹波铝电解电容EKZN800ELL820MH20D。主电路如下图所示。
图1 主电路图
工作中直流侧电流与流经Q1的电流i相同,它随着Q1的导通、关断而变化。i波形如下图所示。
图2 i波形图
在实际考虑问题时,上图可简化看做方波电流源。
图3 i简化波形图
因此,主电路直流侧可按如下电路图建模分析。
图4 主电路直流侧建模
到这里,我们可以按照直流侧等效阻抗(jwL+R)和直流侧滤波电容1/jwC分流来分析,但我们无从得知直流侧具体的阻抗。所以这里我们做第二个简化——假设方波电流中所有交流量都由电容吸收,而只有直流分量流经直流侧。
于是我们可以进行如下计算。(本电路额定功率为250W。左侧为48V直流母线,右侧为电池40V~58V。记Q1占空比为D)
方波幅值
有效值为
假设电流中所有交流量都由电容吸收,则
故电容上各次谐波分量总有效值为
故D取最小值0.83时,电容纹波有效值最大,为2.33A。故每个电容上纹波电流为1.16A。
考虑到实际上不会全部纹波电流都由电容吸收,所以所选Nippon Chemi-Con的EKZN800ELL820MH20D铝电解电容的抗纹波能力1.04A是满足的。
若仍有担心,可再放一颗薄膜电容,如图1中C8,薄膜电容具有很好的吸收高频能力。以下是实验中电感电流5A(额定功率下运行)测得的直流侧电流纹波为880mA。有兴趣的话还可以根据电感电流纹波和直流侧纹波反推出电容吸收的纹波,并且可以推出直流侧的阻抗信息。
图5 实验波形图
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黑金刚铝电解电容选型表
提供黑金刚(Nippon Chemi-Con)铝电解电容产品选型。安装方式分为贴片型(SMD),引线型(Radial lead),基板自立型(牛角电容);常规品范围在-55℃~105℃,1000小时~20000小时寿命保证,额定电压范围在4V~600V;尺寸范围最小规格:贴片型电容4mm*5.2mm,容量范围从1uF~120000uF。
产品型号
|
品类
|
系列
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直径(mm)
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长度(mm)
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引脚类型
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电压(V)
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容值(uF)
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电容容差
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最小工作温度(℃)
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最大工作温度(℃)
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MOQ/SPQ(pcs)
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EKHE401VSN241MQ25Z
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牛角型铝电解电容器
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KHE Series
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25.4mm
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25mm
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Snap-in
|
400V
|
240uF
|
±20%(M)
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-40℃
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105℃
|
200
|
选型表 - Nippon Chemi-Con 立即选型
KHX 系列基板自立型 铝电解电容器
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型号- KHX,KHX 系列
【产品】具有自熄灭特性的铝电解电容,宽范围容值100μF至 2200000μF
FELSIC CAPAX是EXXELIA公司推出的一款电容值在100μF至 2200000μF之间的铝电解电容,其工作温度范围为-55℃至+85℃,耐低温。85℃条件下,通过了5000小时的额定电压测试。20℃环境下,引脚和安装硬件之间的绝缘电阻为100MΩ。符合IEC 60 695-2-2标准(耐火等级方面),具有15s自熄灭的特性。主要面向变频器,电流逆变器,开关电源,焊接机等应用。
PNA 系列贴片型导电性高分子固体铝电解电容器
描述- 该资料介绍了Nippon Chemi-Con公司推出的新型PNA系列导电性高分子固体铝电解电容器。该系列电容器具有超低ESR、长寿命等特点,适用于高温环境,电压范围在2.5Vdc至16Vdc之间,静电容量从100uF至560uF不等。PNA系列电容器在耐久性、高温性能和寿命方面优于传统PXT系列,适用于电源输出端、通信基站等应用场景。
型号- PNA,PNA 系列
【应用】黑金刚铝电解电容EKXG451ELL820MMP1S在工业级嵌入式AC-DC电源模块应用
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型号- KHV,KHV 系列
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LHX 系列基板自立型 铝电解电容器
描述- 该资料介绍了Nippon Chemi-Con公司新推出的LHX系列基板自立型铝电解电容器。该系列电容器具有高容量、高纹波特性,尺寸小型化,适用于太阳能发电、通用变频器等领域。与LXS系列相比,LHX系列在相同尺寸下容量更大,纹波电流更高,尺寸更小,具有长寿命和耐高温等特点。资料还详细介绍了LHX系列的技术优势、应用场景和性能比较。
型号- LHX,LHX 系列
【产品】大容量卡扣式铝电解电容器系列,容值范围100~3300μF
KMR系列是NIPPON CHEMI-CON公司推出的一系列卡扣式铝电解电容器,额定电压为160~450Vdc,主要适用于开关电源,逆变器控制等应用场合。
铝电解电容器产品指南
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型号- MLA,MLF,MHB,MLE,KLJ,KHE,MHJ,MHL,LBG,MHK,KYA,KYC,KYB,KYK,RWF,PSC,RWE,PSF,RWH,PSE,PSG,RWL,KMH,KMM,RWR,RWQ,KMQ,KMS,RWV,KMR,HXC,SMM,KMW,LXA,HXD,MZA,KMV,SMQ,KZE,MZF,KZH,MZE,SMR,KMZ,PXE,MZJ,MVE,PXG,MZL,MVH,KZN,PXF,MZK,MAR,KZM,MVJ,LXM,KRG,PXJ,MZR,LXQ,LXS,MZS,SRG,U37F,LXV,LXZ,MVY,KWA,U37L,U37X,UTOR,LZA,GXF,PAG,KXF,GPA,LE,GXL,GPD,KXJ,CHA,KXL
LHX系列大容量铝电解电容器长寿命插入式,105℃
描述- 本资料介绍了LHX系列大容量铝电解电容器,包括其特性、规格、尺寸和编号系统。这些电容器具有高电容和纹波电流,适用于开关电源设备和逆变器。
型号- ELHX351VSN461MA25S,ELHX3H1VSN132MA55S,ELHX401VSN591MQ55S,ELHX401VSN921MR60S,ELHX401VSN741MR50S,ELHX351VSN601MA30S,ELHX351VSN281MP35S,ELHX401VSN561MR40S,ELHX3H1VSN291MQ30S,ELHX3H1VSN701MQ60S,ELHX401VSN411MA25S,ELHX3H1VSN631MQ55S,ELHX351VSN891MA40S,ELHX□□□VSN□□□M□□□S,ELHX401VSN471MP60S,ELHX351VSN591MR35S,ELHX401VSN671MA35S,ELHX3H1VSN601MR40S,ELHX401VSN391MA25S,ELHX351VSN481MR30S,ELHX351VSN1B2MR60S,ELHX3H1VSN501MQ45S,ELHX3H1VSN261MP35S,ELHX3H1VSN451MR30S,ELHX3H1VSN401MP50S,ELHX351VSN631MA30S,ELHX401VSN931MA45S,ELHX401VSN471MR35S,ELHX401VSN421MP55S,ELHX351VSN1C2MA50S,ELHX3H1VSN721MA35S,ELHX401VSN271MQ30S,ELHX401VSN291MR25S,ELHX401VSN771MA40S,ELHX351VSN741MA35S,ELHX351VSN931MA40S,ELHX3H1VSN211MP30S,ELHX3H1VSN351MR25S,ELHX401VSN541MA30S,ELHX351VSN331MR25S,ELHX3H1VSN451MP55S,ELHX401VSN461MQ45S,ELHX401VSN651MQ60S,ELHX401VSN1C2MA60S,ELHX401VSN291MP40S,ELHX351VSN461MQ40S,ELHX3H1VSN1B2MA50S,ELHX351VSN122MA50S,ELHX351VSN1E2MA60S,ELHX401VSN901MR55S,ELHX351VSN112MA45S,LHX,ELHX401VSN1A2MA50S,ELHX401VSN341MQ35S,ELHX3H1VSN122MA55S,ELHX351VSN681MQ55S,ELHX3H1VSN441MA25S,ELHX3H1VSN551MA30S,ELHX3H1VSN651MR40S,ELHX351VSN861MR50S,ELHX3H1VSN401MR30S,ELHX351VSN132MA55S,ELHX3H1VSN691MA35S,ELHX3H1VSN791MR50S,ELHX351VSN541MQ45S,ELHX351VSN751MR45S,LHX SERIES,ELHX3H1VSN102MA45S,ELHX3H1VSN1D2MA60S,ELHX351VSN441MP50S,ELHX351VSN1F2MA60S,ELHX401VSN241MP35S,ELHX351VSN142MA55S,ELHX401VSN991MR60S,ELHX3H1VSN551MR35S,ELHX401VSN401MQ40S,ELHX3H1VSN142MA60S,ELHX3H1VSN701MR45S,ELHX401VSN801MA40S,ELHX3H1VSN311MP40S,ELHX3H1VSN361MQ35S,ELHX351VSN1A2MR60S,ELHX3H1VSN991MR60S,ELHX351VSN781MA35S,ELHX401VSN701MR45S,ELHX3H1VSN891MR55S,ELHX401VSN191MP30S,ELHX3H1VSN1A2MR60S,ELHX3H1VSN311MR25S,ELHX351VSN231MP30S,ELHX351VSN371MR25S,ELHX351VSN331MP40S,ELHX351VSN711MR40S,ELHX3H1VSN961MR55S,ELHX351VSN1A2MA45S,ELHX3H1VSN112MA50S,ELHX351VSN321MQ30S,ELHX3H1VSN851MR50S,ELHX3H1VSN501MP60S,ELHX401VSN122MA55S,ELHX3H1VSN421MA25S,ELHX351VSN821MR45S,ELHX3H1VSN431MQ40S,ELHX3H1VSN561MQ50S,ELHX3H1VSN861MA40S,ELHX401VSN381MP50S,ELHX351VSN441MR30S,ELHX401VSN521MA30S,ELHX401VSN1B2MA55S,ELHX3H1VSN501MR35S,ELHX3H1VSN751MR45S,ELHX351VSN391MQ35S,ELHX401VSN831MR55S,ELHX351VSN381MP45S,ELHX401VSN102MA50S,ELHX351VSN611MQ50S,ELHX351VSN761MQ60S,ELHX3H1VSN581MA30S,ELHX351VSN541MR35S,ELHX351VSN651MR40S,ELHX351VSN931MR50S,ELHX3H1VSN821MA40S,ELHX401VSN421MR30S,ELHX401VSN641MA35S,ELHX401VSN651MR45S,ELHX401VSN331MP45S,ELHX351VSN481MA25S,ELHX351VSN491MP55S,ELHX401VSN531MQ50S,ELHX351VSN1A2MR55S,ELHX401VSN891MA45S,ELHX351VSN971MR55S,ELHX401VSN321MR25S,ELHX401VSN611MR40S,ELHX401VSN381MR30S,ELHX401VSN801MR50S,ELHX3H1VSN351MP45S,ELHX401VSN511MR35S,ELHX3H1VSN951MA45S,ELHX401VSN132MA60S,ELHX351VSN541MP60S
电子商城
品牌:Nippon Chemi-Con
品类:Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors
价格:
现货: 200,000
品牌:Nippon Chemi-Con
品类:Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor
价格:
现货: 200,000
现货市场
品牌:Nippon Chemi-Con
品类:Miniature Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor
价格:¥1.3300
现货:500
服务
整体外形尺寸小至0.6*0.3*0.3mm (DFN0603),工作电压范围覆盖2.5V~36V,电容值低至0.2pF,浪涌能力最高可达240安培,静电等级可达空气放电、接触放电±30KV。提供免费浪涌测试仪、静电测试仪测试。
提交需求>
可定制OGS一片式电容屏,G+G电容屏,G+F电容屏,G+F+F电容屏,尺寸范围:1”~21”,单层产品厚度:0.55mm~2mm,可按客户要求在产品上附加防反射,防指纹,多色丝印,钻孔磨边,2.5D导圆角等工艺。
最小起订量: 1000 提交需求>
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