【经验】开关电源主滤波电解电容器屡次爆炸的原因及其防范
开关电源主滤波电解电容器有时会莫名其妙地爆炸，即使该电容器尚未爆炸，也能发现其铝质外壳顶部发生严重变形而呈鼓拱状。对此往往将此归咎为电容器漏电，简单地一换了之，而并不深究其因，以致屡换屡爆。
东佳电子：由于铝电解电容器的正极基体为高纯金属铝，负极是有一定黏度的电解液，电容器在负荷条件下犹如一个电解槽，正负极间会有气体产生，负荷越重，负荷时间越长，产生的气体也就越多，且铝电解电容器是一种密封性很强的元件，封口处采用橡胶密封、卷边压槽工艺，电容芯置身于这“固若金汤”的金属外壳之中，当内部气体增大到一定程度，并超越密封体所能承受的限度时，就会迅速引起铝电解电容器的爆炸。
铝电解电容器属有极性元件，通常主要用于直流电路中。当极性接反，或施加的直流电压中叠加的纹波过大时，其损耗与漏电流的增大会产热升温，导致内部气体恶性膨胀而炸裂，有时甚至铝壳向外弹射而出、芯纸絮屑四溅粘污，这种情况在开关电源中为多见。
因为开关电源的工作频率很高，主滤波电解电容器的CV积大，且叠加上的交流纹波电流较大，处境远比普通工频滤波电路中的电解电容器要恶劣得多。这种大的交流纹波电流其实才是真正导致主滤波电解电容器屡损屡爆的“罪魁祸首”。所以开关电源电路中必须采用能耐大纹波电流的那种专用的高纹波型铝电解电容器才能有效提高可靠性与安全性。
高纹波型铝电解电容器在其外套的热性塑缩套上有明显识别标志(如HI-RIPPLE是高纹波的识别标志)。有些铝电解电容器则简标为Ri字样。大的交流纹波电流易导致主滤波电解电容爆炸，因此在选定高纹波型铝电解电容器时还须重视，决不能缺少完善的防爆阀结构。
防爆阀是以凹凸相间的扇形或沟壑形式，设置在铝电解电容器外壳顶部的耐压力薄弱环节。当电容器内部异常增高的气压达到一定程度时能自动顶破防爆阀，迅即泄气卸压，达到安全防爆的目的。
除此以外，有条件的整机厂家与维修单位还须对批量用于开关电源的主滤波电解电容进行两项非常必要的特殊抽样试验：
（1）叠加纹波耐久性试验
在寿命试验中电容试品叠加上适当的交流纹波电流，以1000小时试验后考核试品，要求复测其电容量、漏电流、损耗等参数均符合标准方为合格。
（2）防爆阀可靠试验
对电容试品施加适当的交流电压，促使其产热升温而膨胀防爆阀，以此鉴定其防爆结构是否可靠有效。
铝电解电容器的爆炸是由于内部气体的极度膨胀，气体的极度膨胀又系电解芯体的异常温升。因此，还应注重滤波电容的工作温度，降低电解电容器的使用温度可有效延长其寿命(每降低10℃，约可提高其2倍寿命)。最好优选105℃的电容品种，并尽可能地远离发热源。
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本文由犀牛先生转载自东佳电子，原文标题为:开关电源主滤波电解电容器屡次爆炸的原因和防范，本站所有转载文章系出于传递更多信息之目的，且明确注明来源，不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系，我们将立即进行删除处理。
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型号- KRH,KRJ,KRL,KLF,KLE,KRN,KLH,K3N,KRM,KLG,KJH,K3S,KLL,KBD,.KLJ,KLP,KSHS,KHP,KLS,KHT,KLW,KBP,KC3,K2A,KA3,KSH,KSJ,KR2,KR1,KR3,KAG,KCH,KZB,KCL,KZF,KZH,K3A,KRB,KZL,KRF,KZM
KMR Series Downsized snap-ins, 105°C LARGE CAPACITANCE ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS
型号- EKMR401VSN271MP45S,EKMR181VSN122MP50S,EKMR201VSN561MQ25S,EKMR351VSN122MA50S,EKMR161VSN122MP50S,EKMR161VSN182MR35S,EKMR401VSN331MR30S,EKMR421VSN331MQ45S,EKMR401VSN471MA30S,EKMR451VSN681MA50S,EKMR161VSN102MQ30S,EKMR401VSN471MR40S,EKMR201VSN272MA45S,EKMR421VSN151MP30S,EKMR421VSN391MR40S,EKMR201VSN821MP40S,EKMR351VSN561MR35S,EKMR3B1VSN181MP25S,EKMR3B1VSN221MP30S,EKMR421VSN391MA30S,EKMR181VSN681MQ25S,EKMR181VSN102MP45S,EKMR3B1VSN122MA50S,EKMR421VSN271MQ40S,EKMR351VSN821MA40S,EKMR451VSN271MQ40S,EKMR401VSN121MP25S,EKMR3B1VSN391MP45S,EKMR351VSN331MP45S,EKMR421VSN121MP25S,EKMR351VSN391MR30S,EKMR3B1VSN471MQ40S,EKMR181VSN222MA40S,EKMR251VSN391MP30S,EKMR401VSN681MR50S,EKMR181VSN821MP40S,EKMR3B1VSN271MP35S,EKMR201VSN122MR35S,EKMR201VSN821MR25S,EKMR451VSN561MA40S,EKMR3B1VSN561MR35S,EKMR401VSN681MA40S,EKMR3B1VSN331MQ30S,EKMR421VSN561MA40S,EKMR201VSN102MR30S,EKMR201VSN182MR45S,EKMR401VSN471MQ50S,EKMR181VSN222MA35S,EKMR401VSN221MP35S,EKMR161VSN222MA35S,EKMR251VSN561MP40S,EKMR161VSN272MR50S,EKMR351VSN271MP35S,EKMR161VSN272MA40S,EKMR161VSN122MQ35S,EKMR251VSN152MR50S,EKMR451VSN221MR25S,EKMR161VSN102MP40S,EKMR401VSN331MA25S,EKMR451VSN331MA30S,EKMR351VSN561MQ50S,EKMR251VSN821MQ40S,EKMR451VSN471MA35S,EKMR3B1VSN102MA40S,EKMR181VSN222MR50S,EKMR351VSN221MQ25S,EKMR3B1VSN102MR50S,EKMR421VSN181MP35S,EKMR251VSN152MA40S,EKMR251VSN122MR45S,EKMR421VSN331MR35S,EKMR181VSN152MQ45S,EKMR351VSN681MR45S,EKMR401VSN221MQ30S,EKMR421VSN821MA50S,EKMR□□□VSN□□□M□□□S,EKMR201VSN821MQ35S,EKMR251VSN681MP45S,EKMR3B1VSN471MP50S,EKMR181VSN122MA25S,EKMR401VSN271MR25S,EKMR351VSN821MR50S,EKMR251VSN222MA50S,EKMR421VSN681MA45S,EKMR351VSN271MQ30S,EKMR201VSN102MQ40S,EKMR421VSN221MP45S,EKMR251VSN122MA35S,EKMR451VSN471MR45S,EKMR401VSN331MP50S,EKMR401VSN821MA50S,EKMR161VSN152MQ45S,EKMR351VSN391MA25S,EKMR161VSN152MR30S,EKMR401VSN271MP40S,EKMR161VSN102MR25S,EKMR421VSN181MQ30S,EKMR161VSN182MR40S,EKMR451VSN271MR30S,EKMR161VSN182MA30S,EKMR3B1VSN681MQ50S,EKMR181VSN561MP30S,EKMR351VSN471MQ45S,EKMR401VSN391MQ45S,EKMR181VSN182MA30S,EKMR251VSN561MR25S,EKMR451VSN271MQ45S,EKMR181VSN102MR25S,EKMR201VSN182MA35S,EKMR351VSN681MA35S,EKMR181VSN821MQ30S,EKMR401VSN181MP30S,EKMR201VSN122MQ45S,EKMR251VSN821MQ45S,EKMR351VSN331MR25S,EKMR351VSN151MP25S,EKMR3B1VSN821MA35S,EKMR3B1VSN391MR25S,EKMR451VSN101MP25S,EKMR451VSN561MA45S,EKMR451VSN331MQ50S,EKMR251VSN821MR30S,EKMR3B1VSN331MP40S,EKMR401VSN102MA50S,EKMR351VSN561MR40S,EKMR3B1VSN561MQ45S,EKMR3B1VSN821MR45S,EKMR181VSN182MR40S,EKMR351VSN391MP50S,EKMR251VSN102MR35S,EKMR421VSN271MP50S,EKMR161VSN821MP35S,EKMR251VSN561MQ30S,EKMR351VSN561MA30S,EKMR451VSN271MP50S,KMR,EKMR351VSN331MP40S,EKMR451VSN121MP30S,EKMR201VSN681MQ30S,EKMR3B1VSN471MA25S,EKMR201VSN102MP50S,EKMR181VSN471MP25S,EKMR3B1VSN271MQ25S,EKMR201VSN561MP30S,CONTAINED IN THIS CATALOG AND PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS.,EKMR181VSN681MP35S,EKMR451VSN181MP40S,EKMR181VSN122MR30S,EKMR401VSN391MR35S,EKMR401VSN561MA35S,EKMR3B1VSN122MA45S,EKMR201VSN152MQ50S,EKMR161VSN152MA25S,EKMR251VSN122MR40S,EKMR181VSN102MQ35S,EKMR181VSN152MR35S,EKMR251VSN681MQ35S,EKMR451VSN151MQ25S,EKMR421VSN151MQ25S,EKMR401VSN561MR45S,EKMR251VSN471MP35S,EKMR451VSN271MA25S,EKMR161VSN222MR45S,EKMR421VSN271MA25S,EKMR451VSN221MQ35S,EKMR421VSN221MQ35S,EKMR401VSN331MQ40S,EKMR451VSN151MP35S,EKMR421VSN561MR50S,EKMR201VSN222MA40S,EKMR451VSN331MR35S,EKMR3B1VSN681MA30S,EKMR161VSN182MQ50S,EKMR201VSN222MR50S,EKMR181VSN222MR45S,EKMR251VSN331MP25S,EKMR421VSN221MR25S,EKMR3B1VSN681MR40S,EKMR401VSN821MA45S,EKMR401VSN271MQ35S,EKMR251VSN102MQ50S,EKMR201VSN122MA25S,EKMR181VSN122MQ40S,EKMR251VSN821MA25S,EKMR421VSN471MA35S,EKMR3B1VSN471MR30S,EKMR161VSN152MQ40S,EKMR421VSN221MP40S,EKMR161VSN821MQ25S,EKMR161VSN561MP25S,EKMR201VSN152MA30S,EKMR421VSN391MQ50S,EKMR251VSN182MA45S,EKMR451VSN221MP45S,EKMR401VSN181MQ25S,EKMR451VSN391MR40S,EKMR421VSN471MR45S,EKMR351VSN102MA45S,EKMR161VSN332MA45S,EKMR181VSN152MQ50S,EKMR451VSN181MQ30S,EKMR351VSN331MQ35S,EKMR451VSN471MR50S,EKMR3B1VSN391MQ35S,KMR SERIES,EKMR201VSN681MP35S,EKMR351VSN221MP30S,EKMR161VSN122MP45S,EKMR201VSN152MR40S,EKMR161VSN681MP30S,EKMR181VSN272MA45S,EKMR421VSN271MR30S,EKMR351VSN391MQ40S
【产品】低漏电流微型铝电解电容器KLL系列，105℃下可稳定工作1000小时
东佳电子推出KLL系列低漏电流微型铝电解电容器，产品可保证在105℃下稳定工作10000小时。产品符合RoHS标准认证。系列电容器的容值范围宽至0.1~4700uF，额定电压范围宽至6.3V~100V。
新产品 发布时间 : 2019-10-18
华威电子导电高分子混合型GT系列铝电解电容器，可耐125℃高温，适用于汽车电子、网络通信等领域
华威电子推出导电高分子混合型GT系列铝电解电容器，耐高温125℃、长寿命，专为汽车电子、网络通信、高端电源等研究开发。
产品 发布时间 : 2024-05-21
电子商城
现货市场
服务
整体外形尺寸小至0.6*0.3*0.3mm (DFN0603)，工作电压范围覆盖2.5V~36V，电容值低至0.2pF，浪涌能力最高可达240安培，静电等级可达空气放电、接触放电±30KV。提供免费浪涌测试仪、静电测试仪测试。
提交需求>
可定制OGS一片式电容屏，G+G电容屏，G+F电容屏，G+F+F电容屏，尺寸范围：1”~21”，单层产品厚度：0.55mm~2mm，可按客户要求在产品上附加防反射，防指纹，多色丝印，钻孔磨边，2.5D导圆角等工艺。
最小起订量： 1000 提交需求>
授权代理品牌：集成电路
授权代理品牌：分立元件
授权代理品牌：接插件及结构件
授权代理品牌：部件、组件及配件
授权代理品牌：电源及模块
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授权代理品牌：仪器仪表及测试配组件
授权代理品牌：电工工具及材料
授权代理品牌：机械电子元件
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