How Battery Thermal Management Systems Impact Ev Battery Performance

时间： 2022-02-15 来源：Amphenol Sensors

技术问答

选型帮助

研发客服

商务客服

Without the power it stores and discharges, nothing else in the vehicle works. As the most expensive part of the vehicle, monitoring an EV’s battery health is essential to EV efficiency and performance.In this paper ,AMPHENOL SENSORS will introduce how battery thermal management systems impact EV BATTERY performance.

Sensor technology helps the user monitor the vehicle’s battery to not only gauge how far their vehicle will take them, but also how much life their batteries have remaining. The intelligent battery management system can ensure confidence that despite heavy traffic, snowstorms, or other obstacles, their vehicle will get them to their destination in comfort.

While EV battery thermal management systems help manage temperatures and energy flow, sensors help regulate the system itself and provide alerts of potential problems.

BATTERY THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS & SENSOR INTELLIGENCE

What’s an EV battery’s worst enemy? Extreme temperatures.

Lithium-ion battery cells perform best in a temperature range between 15-45℃. Colder temperatures reduce the output of the cells, decreasing range and available power.

Even when an EV isn’t in use (recharging), thermal management systems are always working to monitor or maintain internal temperatures to stay inside that range. While any temperatures outside the optimal comfort zone will impact EV car efficiency, the vehicle has clever systems to keep the system in its own comfort zone. Generally, when discharging, the batteries prefer to stay below 45 deg C, and while fast charging, they like temperatures somewhat above that temperature, around 55 deg C, to reduce the internal impedance of the cells and allow the electrons to quickly fill the cell. Much above that temperature can cause damage to the cells, so temperature management is a balancing act.

TEMPERATURES ABOVE 45℃

Excessive heat damages lithium-ion batteries and extreme temperatures, such as those above 60℃ increase the risk to driver and passenger safety.

Beyond 45℃, an EV’s battery’s cells can degrade quickly, which requires that the system be controlled by heat exchangers that can both extract heat from the cells and add heat when the system is too cold.

What causes overheating in an EV battery?

When cells are actively charging or discharging, they generate internal heat. Most of this heat moves through the metal current collectors and is extracted in the busbar via convection or through the cold plate under the cells through conduction from the cells to the cold plate to the coolant, which then leaves the pack to reject heat through external heat exchangers. Care must be taken when fast-charging, as the cells will generate heat as they are charging and the heat must be absorbed and drawn away from the cells very carefully, as the cells must not exceed their maximum temperature.

To prepare for fast charging, the Battery Management System (BMS) may choose to increase the temperature in the pack by either slowing the coolant flow out of the pack or by engaging internal heaters to bring them close to the optimum fast charging temperature. Sophisticated models in the BMS determine the best strategy for controlling the heaters and coolant flow, and the temperature sensors at the cells and throughout the cooling system are needed to provide real-time data for the model to operate properly.

If the cells are charged too quickly and their internal temperature exceeds approximately 70℃, the system must take quick action to immediately reduce the temperature of the cells or heat-induced battery cell degradation can start the process of thermal runaway.

Though rare, thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries is dangerous. When the battery becomes overheated, the heat triggers an exothermic chain reaction in the cell that generates gases, which can result in a fire inside the pack if the vented gas ignites. While thermal runaway is rare, if not mitigated by an EV’s battery pack thermal management system, the runaway can propagate to the rest of the battery pack. Once thermal runaway starts, it’s difficult to stop, so avoiding the event through careful thermal management is critical.

Regardless of the source of heating, temperature sensors within the EV battery thermal management system play an essential role in detecting excessive heat and engaging mitigating action.

TEMPERATURES BELOW 15℃

Thermal management systems aren’t only about keeping an EV battery cool.

In cooler climates, the thermal management of electric vehicle battery systems induces heat to keep temperatures above the minimum. They heat the battery before it’s used — whether to power the vehicle, accept power from recharging, or act as a power source.

At colder temperatures, the internal kinetics of the cell causes lower charge and discharge rates, reducing available battery power. Cold temperatures slow the chemical and physical reactions that make EV batteries work efficiently. Without intervention, this would increase impedance (resulting in longer charging times) and lower capacity (resulting in range reduction). Forcing too much charge into the cells when they are extremely cold can cause the lithium to form dendrites, which can pierce the separator between the anode and cathode, causing a short circuit inside the cell. Therefore, charge rates are controlled in extremely cold climates to carefully warm the battery, increasing the charge rate only when the battery is above a minimum operating temperature.

Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles might appear to have an advantage when it comes to cold weather, generating substantial waste heat that keeps vehicles warm in cold temperatures. Without this waste heat, EVs must divert power from batteries to support heating and cooling. However, due to highly efficient design of the heat pump systems on EV applications, along with heated/cooled seats and other technologies to put heating and cooling only when and where it is needed, they have proven themselves to be much better vehicles to get stuck in a snowstorm or summer traffic jam in than their ICE ancestors.

EV SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR LONG, OPTIMIZED BATTERY LIFE

Sensor technology placed throughout the battery pack is key to maintaining a battery in both the short and long term. Sensor technology engages the thermal management systems in electric vehicles to start working as soon as temperatures outside the comfort zone range are registered.

Temperatures that are too hot or too cold have similar effects on an EV battery and its health. Excessive temperatures impact EVs in several ways, including:

Reduced charging capacity: Temperature extremes can increase the force it takes for the electric current that drives the lithium ions from one node to another within the battery and can cause damage to the nodes. Energy can leak and fail to be stored. The higher the current, the more likely batteries are to also suffer stress fractures, using up lithium and hindering energy flow.

Reduced ability to hold a charge: The length of time a battery can hold a charge also diminishes with temperature extremes. An EV at full charge might lose 20% of its power if left outside overnight in freezing temperatures.

Reduced range: When charging capacity is reduced and batteries struggle to maintain the charge, an EV won’t be able to go as far on a single charge and requires more frequent recharging. Opting for a fast-charging cycle puts additional stress on the battery.

Reduced overall lifespan: A battery that’s overtaxed by temperatures simply won’t last as long. Since replacing a battery in an EV is one of the consumer’s and manufacturer’s most expensive repairs, protecting battery lifespan is essential.

While the BMS continuously monitors voltage and current entering and leaving the pack, it also controls systems outside the pack to manage temperature, such as the refrigerant and coolant loops. To manage these systems, the BMS makes use of coolant temperature sensors into and out of the pack’s cold plate as well as cell and busbar temperature inside the pack, then extending to monitoring coolant temperature at the external heat exchangers, as well as pressure and temperature at the expansion valves and critical points along the refrigerant loop, providing critical data to control precise amounts of heating and cooling from these systems to optimize pack performance while minimizing the parasitic energy loss from running these pumps compressors, and auxiliary heating and cooling components.

THE RISING POPULARITY OF EVS MADE POSSIBLE WITH SENSOR TECHNOLOGY

More than 10 million electric cars traveled on the world’s roadways in 2020 — an increase of more than40% from the previous year. In 2021, global EV sales are pacing at record levels. Analysts forecast anincrease in sales of more than 80% from 2020 by the end of 2021.

Sensors placed through an EV’s battery pack and vehicle’s thermal management system to monitor temperatures not only help preserve the battery, but also the continued adoption of vehicles powered by an alternate energy source.

DIG INTO EV BATTERY PACK THERMAL MANAGEMENT

Explore our resource center for robust early detection of thermal runaway, temperature, and pressure sensor portfolio to cost-effectively manage your battery system at.

发送到邮箱 |
+1 赞 0
收藏
评论 0
| 转发至：

本文由顾峥峥转载自Amphenol Sensors，原文标题为:HOW BATTERY THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IMPACT EV BATTERY PERFORMANCE，本站所有转载文章系出于传递更多信息之目的，且明确注明来源，不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系，我们将立即进行删除处理。

全部评论（0）

暂无评论

How EV Cooling Batteries Products and Solutions Protect Against Collision and Thermal Runaway

This artical introduces how Aavid help protect electric vehicle batteries against collision impact and li-ion thermal runaway.

设计经验发布时间 : 2022-03-19

The Necessary Sensors for an Ev Battery Pack ＆ Cell Connection System

In a typical Electric Vehicle, the battery pack may experience thousands of charge and discharge cycles throughout its life. The pack Battery Management System monitors voltage, current, and temperature of cells.

设计经验发布时间 : 2022-01-27

7 Places For Electric Car Temperature Sensors In Vehicle Design

Car temperature sensors are a key component of EV design -- on par with those that monitor battery power. When it comes to monitoring temperatures throughout the vehicle, there are seven places where sensors are a necessity.

设计经验发布时间 : 2021-12-16

The BOYD Specialty Vehicle Battery Liquid Cold Plate Increases Thermal Performance While Decreasing the Weight of the Battery Pack by over 40%

When creating a new series of batteries for electric vehicles (EVs), a leading battery producer approached Boyd to design new liquid cold plates for the battery packs. The new battery packs would be featured in large electric specialty vehicles (such as fire and refuse vehicles) which require extensive amounts of power, leading to strict thermal and weight management requirements.

应用方案发布时间 : 2024-06-30

Omnergy Brand CR-HT Wide Temperature Button Batteryy in TPMS Applications

TPMS is short of Tire Pressure Monitoring System. It is a safety system installed on the vehicle that monitors tire pressure and alarms when it deviates. It is the third major legislative safety product for automobiles after ABS and airbags.

应用方案发布时间 : 2024-03-08

What Is an Ultra Thin LiPo Battery?

The Lithium-ion battery (LIB) has revolutionized our lives and is widespread from small-scale devices such as mobile phone to emergency distributed power supply, electric vehicle, etc. Lithium-ion batteries are evolving even now. Many current types of research for LIB focus on life extension, energy density, safety, cost reduction, and charging speed. Thin film LIB is one of the forms of LIB, it has attracted much interest for use as power sources of smart cards, implantable medical devices, micro-sensors, and soon.

技术探讨发布时间 : 2024-07-25

Coherent Announces Advanced Industry 4.0 Integration of Laser Welding Head Vision System Enabling A Revolution in Ev Battery and Motor Manufacturing

Coherent Corp. , a leader in advanced laser processing solutions, today announced HIGHvision, a machine vision system for laser welding heads, that greatly improves the efficiency of manufacturing electric vehicle (EV) batteries and motors.

产品发布时间 : 2023-10-20

Keysights Scienlab Battery Test Solution Tests Batteries Economically and Efficiently

Recently, ElringKlinger AG, a global leading developer of automotive drive systems and volume manufacturer for battery components, decided to collaborate with Keysight2 to further accelerate the development of batteries. Their aim is to deliver highly efficient and reliable battery systems to their customers in a fast, consistent, and cost-efficient way.

厂牌及品类发布时间 : 2021-03-19

Amphenol Sensors（安费诺）是先进传感技术和创新嵌入式测量解决方案的创新领导品牌，成为工业，汽车，医疗，消费等领域的客户提供创新和多样化的传感器产品组合，包括温度，湿度，压力，热验证，气体，位置，振动，超声波和超低压等，以及定制化的测试测量解决方案。

压力传感器温度传感器温湿度传感器气体传感器粉尘传感器

授权代理商 - 世强先进（深圳）科技股份有限公司线上商城技术资料

展开

Amphenol Sensors(安费诺)/Thermometrics 温度传感器选型指南

目录- 温度传感器产品介绍及应用领域 NTC热敏电阻/PTC热敏电阻探针和组件其他技术和附件

型号- T5D,HM,YA,YB,YC,P60,YD,YF,P65,YG,YH,RL40,YK,YL,YP,YR,EC95,GC32,YS,RL45,GC16,B35,UD20,RL30,3006,AB6,MELF,JA,YS4019,JB,JTC,JC,JD,RL35,JE,JF,MF65,SP85,JS2945,JI,B43,JL,JM,JP,FP10,JR,JTR,CTR100,FP14,P85,JW,M,NDK,T,NDM,CTR65,NDL,ZTP,BB07,PT1000,0706,BB05,NDP,YS4020,NDU,YSM 4021,CL,CTR85,BR16,KU,BR14,KY,BR11,TC,FP07,1403,NHQM,YSM,TH,R100,TM,MA400,PTSM,TP,1803,BB11,EVAP,P100,MA100,DK,SC30,R60,BR23,P20,R65,HVAC,P25,YM120,PT200,EVAPA1450,MS,DKM,MT,CTR60,P30,RL1004,BR32,A1447-A1450,ND,PTA,NK,EVAPA1447,1703,PTE,PTD,SP100,PTF,DC95,PTH,B05,B07,PTO,EVAP A1424,SC50,R85,BR42,C100,2006,JYA,NHQ,NHQMM,GC11,GC14,GE,RL20,M2000,B10,PT100,B14,GT,BR55,MC65,SP60,TK95,SP65,RL14,RL060628,RL10

选型指南 - AMPHENOL SENSORS PDF 中文下载

eVTOL Battery vs EV Battery: What’s the Difference?

While both eVTOL and EV batteries share similarities in their reliance on lithium-ion technology and the need for safety, durability, and performance, the operational demands of eVTOLs push the boundaries of battery technology further. eVTOL batteries must meet more stringent requirements, including higher discharge rates, rapid charging capabilities, and exceptional safety standards to ensure reliable performance in flight.

技术探讨发布时间 : 2024-08-24

Amphenol Sensors(安费诺)温度传感器/MEMS压力传感器/C〇2、湿度、灰尘传感器选型指南

目录- Sensors Temperature Sensors Pressure Sensors CO2, Humidity & Dust Sensors

型号- DK SERIES,NDP SERIES,NHQ SERIES,AAS-AQS-UNO-RH-CO2,RL40,T5D SERIES,FMA SERIES,GC32,EC95,AB6 SERIES,RL45,GC16,GT SERIES,DKM SERIES,CTP65,M SERIES,UD20,S SERIES,CTP60,RL30,AIT SERIES,GE-1935,TH SERIES,NDL SERIES,3006,MELF,YS4019,RL35,HM SERIES,GE-2102,GE-2103,JS2945,T6715,T6613-X,AAS-AQS-UNO,TM SERIES,R85 SERIES,SM-UART-04L,YSM SERIES,FP10,NPI-15,T6715-X,FP14,NPC-120,HS12SP,NPI-19,B35 SERIES,T6713,BB07,SUF SERIES,NK SERIES,BB05,YS4020,T6703,YSM 4021,YR SERIES,BR16,A-1737,BR14,T6700,BR11,T SERIES,FP07,1403,NHQM,P85 SERIES,ZTP SERIES,JF SERIES,NDK SERIES,JS8741,NPH SERIES,JS8746,R100,JR SERIES,PTSM,MA400,SM-PWM-01C,JB SERIES,1803,BB11,B05 SERIES,T6616,EVAP,YF SERIES,JA SERIES,P100,YD SERIES,YH SERIES,MF65 SERIES,YG SERIES,MA100,JIC SERIES,YB SERIES,B43 SERIES,T9602,NPC-100,YA SERIES,YC SERIES,SC30,CTP100,BR23,T6613,PTD SERIES,PTE SERIES,YM120,HVAC,JTC SERIES,JTR SERIES,MS SERIES,YK SERIES,WTF083B001,P30 SERIES,YL SERIES,YP SERIES,PTA SERIES,PTH SERIES,ND SERIES,B07 SERIES,PTF SERIES,PTO SERIES,P60 SERIES,JM SERIES,YS SERIES,T6600,RL1004,BR32,JS6780,JI SERIES,HS30P,JW SERIES,A1447-A1450,JS SERIES,TP SERIES,JE SERIES,JC SERIES,GE-1856,1703,B14 SERIES,T6615-X,GE SERIES,R65 SERIES,DC95,JYA SERIES,T3000,EVAP A1424,SC50,BR42,A-1266,C100,GE-1923,NPP-301,706 SERIES,2006,NKA SERIES,AS SERIES,B10 SERIES,P25 SERIES,NHQMM,GC11,RL20,CL SERIES,P20 SERIES,GC14,GE-1920,NPC-1220,JP SERIES,P65 SERIES,ES SERIES,CTP85,T6713-X SERIES,BR55,MC65,KU SERIES,TK95,NDM SERIES,R60 SERIES,NDU SERIES,NPC-1210,TC SERIES,JL SERIES,RL14,JD SERIES,RL060628,RL10

选型指南 - AMPHENOL SENSORS - 05/2019 PDF 英文下载

Amphenol Sensors(安费诺)/All Sensors 压力传感器选型指南（简版）

目录- 传感器解决方案及产品优势介绍传感器技术介绍单芯片压力传感器双芯电路交叉耦合补偿压力传感器双芯电路和气路交叉耦合补偿压力传感器传感器应用领域介绍压力单位换算传感器通用名词解释

型号- DLH,ADCX,ACPC-C,AXCA,ACPC,BLV,DLV,ACPC-H,AXCA-PRIME,AXCA-MIDDLE,MAMP,MLV,SAMP,ACPC-P,BLC,ADUX,BLVR,MAMP-/P,ADCA,DLH,DLVR,DLVR,BLCR,MAMP-P,MDCX,ADO,BLV,AXCX-PRIME-INCH,DLHR,DLHR,AXCX,MLV,AXCA-MIL,BLC,DLC,ADO-MIL

选型指南 - AMPHENOL SENSORS PDF 中文下载

Thin Film Lithium-ion Battery Vs Lithium-ion Battery: What’s the Difference?

In the rapidly evolving world of battery technology, thin film lithium-ion batteries have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries. These batteries, with their ultra-thin structure and solid-state electrolyte, offer distinct advantages in flexibility, safety, and application potential. This article delves into the fundamental differences between thin film lithium-ion battery and conventional lithium-ion battery, exploring their respective structures, manufacturing processes, and applications across various industries.

技术探讨发布时间 : 2024-08-22

Amphenol Sensors（安费诺）建筑及工业应用传感器选型指南

目录- Chip Cap 2完全校准的温湿度传感器 Telaire Ventostat®T8700壁挂式温湿度变送器 Telaire Ventostat®T8031 CO2小型风管式C02传感器 Telaire®T8041/T8042 分管式C02传感器 Telaire T8100-R系列挂壁式C02和温度变送器（带继电器） Telaire®7000室内空气品质监测器 Telaire VaporstatTM 9002红外露点变送器 Telaire®配件 Telaire HumiTrac™温湿度变送器 T9602湿度与温度传感器 AAS-53系列水管型温度变送器 ADT/AOT/AIT温湿度变送器使用说明书

型号- P40250128,CC2D265,P40250129,P40250126,P40250127,P40250125,P40250122,P40250123,DC95F302W,P40250120,P40250121,T8031,CC2D255,EHR-4,T8100-D-R,P40250139,K53,T8700,CC2A23,PT1000A,AIT,PT1000B,CC2A25,P40250133,P40250131,T2075NG,P40250130,T804K0-10V,T1508,T8200-D-5P,T8042-5VI0-5V,T9602-5-A-1,NI1000,9002,T9602-3-A-1,T5100,P40250149,CC2A35,T8700-E-D,P40250147,0-5000PPM,P40250144,PT100A,T7001I,P40250145,PT100B,P40250142,P40250143,T8100,S4B-EH,CC2A33,P40250141,CC2D235,CC2D355,T7001,PT1000,T2072,T7001D,CC2D25,T9602-3-A,T8042I0-10V,CC2D23,P40250156,T8041,T8100-R,P40250151,T8042,P40250150,T9602-3-D,NTC10K,CC2025,7000,T9602-3-D-1,CC2D35,T9602,CC2D33,ADT,NTC15K,T8200,CC2D335,CHIPCAP 2,NTC10K-II,T2090,T1551,T1552,MPNT3D03750M4,NTC20K,T2007,T8700-D,T8700-E,T8100,T2080,T8100-EC,P40250109,PA0250118,T8100-E-D-GN-5P-R,PA0250115,T1505,P40254275,P40254276,P40254277,P40250189,P40250186,P40250184,P40250185,T8300,P40250182,P40250183,P40250181,AAS-53,8000,PT100,T7001SK,P40250119,NTC10K-A,AOT,P40250117,T9602-5-A,P40250113,P40250114,P40250111,P40250112,DC95F103W,T2076NG,P40250110,P40250193,T9602-5-D,T8001,P40250191,7001D,P40250192,T8002,T9602-5-D-1,MPNV12R30M 16004616,B4B-EH-A,P40250190,T8041-5VI0-5V,RS485,NTC10K-III

选型指南 - AMPHENOL SENSORS PDF 中文下载