【经验】如何使用FieldFox手持式射频和微波分析仪在一段时间内捕获和显示GPS信号以及多普勒效应如何影响这些信号

时间： 2020-04-15 来源：Keysight

技术问答

全球定位系统（GPS）接收器，或者更广泛地说，全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）接收器，在当今的各种应用中都得到了应用，其中智能手机上的地图是应用最广泛的情况之一。移动电话网络一直受益于GPS的定时信号，而新的5G系统将更加依赖GPS。

在本文中，我们将研究如何使用KEYSIGHT（是德科技）的FieldFox手持式射频和微波分析仪在一段时间内捕获和显示GPS信号，以及多普勒效应如何影响这些信号。 GPS信号以L波段传送，其中L1波段频率为1575.42MHz，L2的频率为1227.60 MHz，L5的频率为1176 MHz。

图1为GPS信号测试的硬件装置。该装置包括喇叭天线，低噪声放大器（LNA）和频谱分析仪（FieldFox）。天线指向西南天空(装置安装在北半球)，与LNA相连。 LNA的输出连接到FieldFox 射频分析仪的频谱分析仪输入端口。 LNA由FieldFox的内置直流电压源供电。我们使用了定向喇叭天线（具有增益）和外部LNA，因为GPS信号在接收器处的功率电平非常低。

图1. GPS信号测试的硬件装置

在频谱分析仪模式下使用FieldFox，我们将其配置为捕获GPS L1信号，其中心频率调整为1575.42 MHz（或1.575420 GHz），频率跨度设置为5 kHz。图2显示了测量结果。

图2.在FieldFox上捕获的GPS L1信号，中心频率为1.575420 GHz，跨度为5 kHz

为了提高测量的频率精度，我们启用了FieldFox的内置GPS接收机，并将内部频率基准锁定到GPS上。FieldFox接收器的典型频率精度为±0.5ppm，此测量转换为频率为±787Hz。通过锁定GPS，频率精度提高了±0.01ppm，转换为频率为±1Hz。由于GPS芯片内部采用了校正方法，该频率锁定没有多普勒误差。

由于GPS信号的功率非常低，因此我们将频谱分析仪配置为具有最高灵敏度，这与试图获得最低本底噪声相同。为了实现这一目标，我们将FieldFox的内部衰减设置为零，并启用了内部前置放大器（增加了约15 dB的增益）。此外，我们将分辨率带宽（RBW）和视频带宽（VBW）分别降低至3 Hz和1 Hz。

我们使用了FieldFox的频谱分析仪的跟踪记录功能来捕获四个小时内的数据。在记录数据后，我们将其回放并显示在FieldFox的常规频谱分析仪显示器和频谱图显示器中。频谱图是三维数据显示，x轴代表频率，y轴代表时间，而振幅则用颜色表示。频谱图是显示随时间变化的信号的有力工具。

图3中的频谱图显示了4小时内捕获的数据。颜色表示信号的强度或功率-蓝色表示最低功率（-170 dBm），红色表示最高功率（-160 dBm）。

图3 由于多普勒效应，FieldFox捕捉到的GPS信号显示为弧线，而不是一条笔直的垂直线

最早的信号在图的上部，最新的信号靠近图的下部。 GPS信号是斜（弧）线。如果没有多普勒效应或其他次级效应，则GPS L1信号将是位于图形中心的一条垂直直线（1.57542GHz）。但是，由于GPS卫星是相对于地球运动的，地球上的接收频率会随着卫星的移动而变化，从而导致图3中所示的弧线/斜线。该图显示了约2 kHz的多普勒频移。

注意，在测量过程中我们没有移动硬件（FieldFox +天线），也就是说，没有旋转。观测结果显示了在四个小时的测量期间，处于天线视场中的GPS卫星传输信号。

另一个观察结果是存在电磁干扰或EMI信号。你可以看到大约5条垂直线，相距1 kHz，边缘处的信号更强。还有另一个信号，被视为屏幕上的水平倾斜线。这是一个频率随时间变化的信号，尽管比GPS信号快得多，需要进一步调查以确定这些其他信号的来源。

另外，如果您想知道我们的手机和其他众多GPS设备在没有大型外部天线或LNA的情况下如何测量这些低功率GPS信号，那是因为它们进行的测量不同。像我们手机中使用的GPS接收机，使用数字信号处理技术从噪声中解密GPS信号。GPS接收器（通常是小型芯片）会将L波段信号下变频为中频（IF）或基带信号。然后，基带信号由模数转换器（ADC）进行数字化处理。

科学史爱好者可能会发现有趣的是，多普勒效应在GPS的早期发展中起着至关重要的作用。那是1957年，苏联刚刚发射了世界上第一颗人造卫星Sputnik，开始了美苏太空竞赛。约翰·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室的科学家们认识到，通过测量人造卫星发射中多普勒频移，他们可以估算出人造卫星的位置。相反，他们发现如果已知人造卫星的轨道，就可以估算出地面站相对于地心的位置。

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本文由LTT翻译自Keysight，版权归世强硬创平台所有，非经授权，任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载，授权转载时须注明“来源：世强硬创平台”。

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目录- 示波器和探头数字万用表数字采集和开关频率计数器、函数和任意波形发生器电源射频仪表

型号- U1272A,34460A,34133A,53140,N5742A,N5766A,E4980ALU-050,N2919A,N576XA,N5439A,6644A,661XC-220,54600S,34905A,3446MEMU,3000X,U2700,N674XB,34132A,34132B,53150,N5743A,53151,N5767A,661XC-OL2,664XA,3024T,N2918A,6621A,3000T,53152,6645A,N2918B,N9310A-1CM,661XC-230,U1273A,34904A,U1620,E364XA-1CM,N6746B,3000X,DSOXGPIB,N8948A,1000,34131A,DSOX4AUTO,N5744A,N5768A,N2917B,6622A,N3300A,8120-4383,TPS://WWW.SEKORM.COM/WEB/SEARCH/KEYWORDN2801A,34903A,663XB-0B3,DSOX4SENSOR,N8900A,66102A,N6701A,E5387A,66000,U1271A,N8949A,66002A 66001A,11059A,6624A,N5745A,668XA-0B3,8120-5488,N5769A,3022T,6623A,N3301A,33500,8120-5489,34902A,66101A,N9340B-AMA,N2916B,U1600,N6700B,33509B,N7020A,6625A,DSOXLAN,4000X,N3302A,N5746A,8120-5413,8120-6502,N2874,8120-5412,N574XA,U1604A,8120-6980,34901A,34925A,66104A,8120-6507,N2915A,8120-5414,U2802A,66321D,N9310A-1HB,DSO1072B,66321B,663XB-760,B2902A,4000X,6626A,N3303A,N5747A,8120-5421,N2829A,N2862,600,66103A,34924A,N2805A,N6702A,N6705B,N9330B,668XA-909,B2901A,6627A,668XA-908,N3304A,U1602A,N2828A,N5748A,34923A,34947A,8120-8705,N2804A,66106A,6628A,891A,669XA-0L2,N3305A,N5749A,34922A,E5805A,34946A,N2827A,60XX-220,N2803A,66105A,U8001A,DSOX4EMBD,N2849A-68701,1000B,3000,1000A,TPS://WWW.SEKORM.COM/WEB/SEARCH/KEYWORD54600S,N3306A,DSOX4MASK,U1600A,U1210,N2791A/N2891A,34921A,6575A,34945A,1158A,6551A,6684A,3446SECU,N2826A,5485X,N2802A,E363XA-0L2,1134A,DSO1052B,34172B,N3307A,657XA,U3400,6552A,N2801A,60XX-240,5462X,N2825A,34171B,N9340B-ADP,DSOX2000,33612A,33503A,1131A,N9310A,663XB-8ZJ,U1731B,6553A,N2800A,N3300A-UJ1,N2739A,N2848A,N2824A,8121-0695,8121-0694,DSOX2APPBNDL,33611A,B2960A,U8002A,E4980ALU-201,N33313A,1132A,DSOX2AUTO,8120-43831,U3606A,U1732B,6554A,34942A,681XB-1CP,BNC,1157A,U3606B,5464X,681XB-1CM,2000 X,N2738A,DSOX3ADVMATH,6551,N9340B-ABJ,8120-5490,8121-1330,N9340B-ABA,2000X,8121-1331,655XA,8120-8767,53100,8120-8768,34941A,6555A,34832A,663XB-120,N2822A,N9340B-AB2,3000TX,33500B,N5,N9330B-ADP,1130A,U2600A,N9340B-PA3,DSOX3EMBD,200,6641A,669XA-0B3,1131.,N2821A,DSOX3MASK,4000 X,5000,N3300,AC6800,6642A,34830A,N7900,N2820A,N2759A,33522A,33522B,1180CZ,663XB-100,DSOX4COMP,N9310A-1T,N9340B-TG3,6643A,N2867A,N2843A,U1401B,N9340B-INM,AC6804A,DSOX3AUDIO,34840B,DSOX4FLEX,669XA-908,669XA-909,N2733A,N2866B,N2733B,3458A-002,DSOX2EMBD,3458A-001,E2695A,DSO1012A,34972A,N9310A-1TC,60001,N2889A,N2756A,6063B-020,N2732A,AC6802A,6000A,U1270,6000X,DSO1014A,U1880A,N9340B-TAD,90000 X,663XB-020,N2779A,N2888A,6000L,DSOX3COMP,E2697A,N2863B,AC6803A,U2751A,34970A,L4411A,6000X,34401A,N9330B-202,N9330B-203,U1881A,N9330B-201,N2778A,N2887A,54826,8120-1689,7000,N2862B,E4980A-710,668XA-208,54830,U1250,DSOXEDK,6571A,681XB-208,N875XA,N2777A,6680A,N8756A,N8732A,N8950A,TPS://WWW.SEKORM.COM/WEB/SEARCH/KEYWORD1163A,E3610-17A,AC6801A,DSOX3FLEX,681XB-200,10070D,N2885A,N2752A,N5440A,E3451B,81180A,U2531A,54600,6572A,E4980AL-100,6681A,N8757A,N2776A,U3402A,N8733A,53147A,8120-2956,N8951A,681XB-230,N2884A,N2751A,N7971A,DSO1102B,6641A-45A,DSOX2COMP,64997A,6682A,U1230,6573A,U3401A,N6773A,B2980A,N8754A,N7970A,N2750A,DCA-J 86100D,53230A,6813B-019,N5442A,6631BA,8120,6574A,6683A,54620,U1240,N8755A,5484X,N8731A,N2797A,N5770A,N2882A,N873XA,N5443A,34420A,N7973A,10073D,DSOXDVM,E2678A,80000,N28,N6775A,N8736A,8120-2104,N6751A,N8954A,DSOX4PWR,N2881A,E2655C,6063B,N2796A,N5444A,P66321B,N5771A,6812B,N7972A,10074D,E2679A,N5468A,N9340B-XDM,6811B,11053A,9000X,N8737A,N6774A,DSOX3MSO,N8955A,E3634A,N2771B,N2880A,DSOXPERFMSO,N6450,N2795A,N5772A,N5469A,9000,6813B,N5445A,U2356A,8121-6203,N7951A,N6459,N6753A,N8758A,U1242B,N6971A,N8734A,33220A,N8952A,N6777A,681XB-026,53181A,681XB-020,U2331A,661XC-760,10072A,N7950A,60XX-0B3,U2355A,N7974A,DSOX4AUDIO,34465A,E5813A,34138A,E4356A-909,E4356A-908,U1461A,N8759A,N6752A,N6970A,N8735A,N677XB,N6776A,N2793A,N9340B-IBC,U1591A,11058A,U2354A,N5750A,N7953A,N7977A,N5447A,N5423A,E5810B,E5810A,N6731B,N6973A,N2914,DSOX4APPBNDL,661XC-0B3,E3631A,N6755A,N2792A,DSOX3VID,E2675A,DSOX2MASKM,34330A,U2353A,N7976A,E4980AL,N5751A,N9340B-1TC,N5448A,N5424A,N7952A,34136A,DSOX2SEM,N3331A,N6972A,U1241B,E3630A,DSOX4AERO,34908A,N6754A,E2676A,N2791A,N9330B-1TC,N8738A,10075A,U2352A,N5752A,N5425A,U1452AT,3000T X,N577XA,N5449A,DSOXT3DVMCTR,7000B,TPS://WWW.SEKORM.COM/WEB/SEARCH/KEYWORD10076C\,3000 X,U2700 USB,U1177A,N6951A,E363XA-1CM,N2836A-68701,34907A,E3633A,N6733B,E2677A,N9310A-001,N2790A,N675XA,66000A-909,E4980A-301,N8739A,66000A-908,N7954A,10076B,34134A,10076C,U2351A,N5426A,34461A,66319B,8120-4753,N6732B,N6950A,N8957A,E3632A,34906A,N6756A,N6974A,66319D,N9330B-BCG,B2911A,N2111A,8120-5570,N9340B,E2614A,1161A,DSOX3AERO,6632B,8120-5572,N1022B,8120-5573,33250A,54830S,8120-5337,N6735B,N6977A,N6711A,N6953A,661XC-100,1162A,E2615A,6633B,34945EXT,N9330B-BAT,3012T,8120-5342,N6710B,66002A,N6976A,90000Z,N6734B,N6952A,DSOX4WAVEGEN2,90000X,U8031A,663XB-1CM,90000Q,663XB-1CP,34470A,E2616A,N575XA,6634B,8120-6204,661XC-120,90000A,66332A,6651A-55,DSOX2WAVEGEN,34939A,N673XB,1132,1131,82351A,1160A,N2819A,6611C,3034T,N5406A,8120-8871,66000A-0L2,34938A,N6736B,N6954A,N6712A,90000,E5396A,N9320B,6612C,N2818A,E

选型指南 - KEYSIGHT - 2015 - 2015年06月10日 PDF 中文下载

【选型】Keysight（是德科技）网络分析仪产品选型指南（中文）

目录- 网络分析仪产品简介通用网络分析仪 ENA和精简系列USB矢量网络分析仪 PNA系列矢量网络分析仪多端口测试仪/射频和微波固态开关/PXI多端口网络分析仪 PNA毫米波系统手持式微波分析仪

型号- M9165B,N5221B,PNA-X,N5241B,N9914B,N5225B,N5245B,N5249B,N9950A,E5080B,E5080A,E5092A,E5072A,N9918B,N9951A,N5290A,N5242B,P916XB,P937XA,P916XA,N5234B,N5222B,M9808A,M9804A,P502XA,E5071C,E5063A,M9375A,P937XA 系列,PNA-L 系列,N9952A,N5231B,PNA 系列,P9165B,P9375A,N5247B,N5235B,N5239B,N5227B,P9370A,M9164B,P9164B,N5232B,N9913B,N5224B,P5008A,N5244B,M9019A,N529XA,PNA-X 系列,M980XA,P50XXA,P5024A,P5028A,E5061B

选型指南 - KEYSIGHT - 2020年9月11日 PDF 中文下载

KEYSIGHT(是德)示波器/分析仪/发生器/仪表/电源选型指南

描述- The advanced performance, intuitive usability, and versatile functionality of the Keysight InfiniiVision 4000G X-Series oscilloscopes enable you to capture elusive glitches and anomalies that are not possible with other oscilloscopes.

型号- 33521B,B2911B,SR101EDUA,3000G X,PZ2120A,P9377B,PZ2100,34460A,P937XA,DAQM905A,N9324C,1000X,6000 X,3458A,N9918A,EL34143A,33600A SERIES,E36155A,INFINIIUM EXR-SERIES,BV9210B,DAQ973A,EDUX1052A,N9935C,B2962B,PZ2121A,P93XXB,DAQ73A,EL30000 SERIES,E5063A,E36154A,3000X,P9371B,P9371A,33600A,PZ2130A,B2961B,33612A,34470A,DAQM903A,B2960B SERIES,N9322C,N9960A,E36311A,6000X,E36731A,PZ2100 SERIES,E36731ABV,P9370A,P9382B,3000G X-SERIES,P9370B,PZ2131A,33611A,B2960B,33500B SERIES,DAQM904A,N9323C,34465A,B2901BL,DAQ,2000 X,EL34243A,DAQ970A,E36150 SERIES,P9373B,E36150,E36300 SERIES,33622A,EDU33211A,P9373A,33509B,2000X,DAQM909A,1000 X,E36313A,1000 X-SERIES,DAQM900A,E36232A,33512B,P9372A,P9384B,33621A,P9372B,33500B,N5181B,4000G X,N9915C,N9321C,DAQM902A,N6700,E36200 SERIES,B2902B,E36300,4000X,2000 X-SERIES,E36312A,DAQM901A,E36231A,6000 X-SERIES,N9952A,N6705C,B2901B,33511B,N5166B,N9912C,BV9211B,P9375B,B2900B SERIES,PZ2110A,P9375A,33519B,EDU36311A,DAQM907A,EL30000,E36234A,B2910BL,35520B,4000G X-SERIES,33510B,B2900B,B2912B,33522B,EDU33212A,P9374A,N5171B,P9374B,INFINIIUM EXR,EDU34450A,X-SERIES,DAQM908A,E36200,34461A,E36233A

选型指南 - KEYSIGHT - February 16, 2024 PDF 英文下载

矢量网络分析仪 TECHNICAL OVERVIEW

型号- PNA,N5241B,N5225B,P502XB 系列,N5249B,872XE,8714B,N9950A,8714C,N338XA,E5080B,E5080A,M937XA,N9918B,4194A,PXI VNA,85541B,N9951A,N1930XB,S97011B,N5242B,N5230A,8753E,P93XXB,N5230C,3577B,P937XA,8753C,P937XB,8753D,8753A,N524X,8753B,N522XA,8713C,N522XB,8713B,872XC,8510X,872XD,872XA,4395A,872XB,P502XB,P502XA,E5063A,8714ET,8714ES,PNA-L 系列,PNA 系列,N5231B,8530A,N5295AX,N5239B,N5227B,85309B,E835XA,E5070B,E5070A,N9916B,3577A,4192A,S94050B,N991XB,S96011B,N991XA,N5232B,P93XX,E836XC,N5244B,E836XB,N522X,S94051B,N9917B,PXI VNA 系列,N5221B,PNA-X,N9914B,PNA-L,N5245B,FIELDFOX 系列,8719E,8719C,8719D,E836XA,8719A,8719B,E5072A,N992XA,872XET,872XES,8712ET,N5290A,8712ES,N9915B,P500XB,P502XA 系列,N5234B,P500XA,P50XX,N5222B,N5253EX,N524XA,N524XB,M981XAS,N526BA,E5071C,E5071B,E5071A,ENA,85320B,85320A,8360B,N9952A,N5291A,N5251A,8753,N5247B,8510A,8752B,N5235B,8752C,8510C,N99XXA,S95011B,N1501A,8510B,8752A,N99XXB,8712B,8712C,N5293AX,S93011B,ENA 系列,8753 系列,E5062A,N5292A,8753ET,8753ES,N5252A,N5264B,N9913B,P938XB,8751A,N5224B,8711C,8711A,N523XA,8711B,N523XB,PNA-X 系列,M980XA,FIELDFOX,P50XXA,P50XXB,E5061B,8719ES,E5061A,8719ET,4195A

商品及供应商介绍 - KEYSIGHT - 2021年10月11日 PDF 中文下载

Keysight（是德科技）频谱分析仪和信号分析仪选型指南

目录- Spectrum Analyzer and Signal Analyzer Product Introduction Benchtop spectrum and signal analyzers Modular Signal Analyzer Handheld Signal Analyzer Applications and Measurement Software

型号- M9393A,8560E,M9391A,N934XC,8562E,N934XB,8562EC,8561EC,8560EC,N9936A,N9914A,N9342C,859XB,N9320B,8565EC,859XC,8564EC,N9340B,8563EC,859XA,N9322C,N9344C,N991XA-233,N9040B,U2020,N993XA,N9938A,N9916A,HP8568,N9918A,HP8566,8561E,8563E,N9935A,N9913A,8565E,N9343C,X-SERIES,N9030A,N9020A,N9010A,N9000A,N9937A,N9915A,89600,N9917A,M9290A

选型指南 - KEYSIGHT - March 12, 2018 PDF 英文下载

是德科技FieldFox手持分析仪新增脉冲发生器选件，工作频率高达54GHz

KEYSIGHT为其手持射频（RF）分析仪的FieldFox产品系列进一步扩充了应用软件，进一步涵盖到脉冲发生器。这个可下载的357脉冲发生器选件适用于B系列和C系列FieldFox手持分析仪，可为现场工程师提供各种脉冲类型信号，频率高达54GHz。

产品发布时间 : 2024-05-13

【选型】Keysight（是德科技）射频微波电子测试测量仪器选型指南

目录- 手持式射频微波分析仪手持式分析仪 FieldFox 手持式射频网络及频谱分析仪 FieldFox 手持式射频网络分析仪手持式频谱分析仪手持式频谱分析仪(续) 信号发生器 EXG 射频模拟信号发生器 MXG 射频模拟信号发生器射频信号发生器信号分析仪 CXA 信号分析仪 BSA系列超经济型频谱分析仪网络分析仪低频－射频网络分析仪 ENA 网络分析仪 LCR表及阻抗分析仪电容表 LCR表精密LCR表

型号- N9962A,N9952A,E4407B,N9912A,N9914A,N9936A,N9342C,E4982A,N9320B,E4980A,E4405B,N9340B,N9344C,N9960A,N9322C,41800A,N9950A,N9310A,N9926A,N9916A,N9938A,N9928A,N9918A,N9951A,N5181B,N9923A,N5171B,E4408B,N9913A,N9935A,N9925A,N9343C,E4980AL,E4981A,E4980ALU,N9000B,N9961A,N9000A,N9951ALN9952A,N9915A,N9937A,E5061B,N9927A,N9917A,E5063A,11667L

选型指南 - KEYSIGHT - 2016年12月21日 PDF 中文下载

Keysight（是德科技） FieldFox手持式分析仪N99xxA 配置指南（中文）

型号- N9962A,N9952A,N9912A,N9914A/211/233,N996XA,N9914A,N9936A,N995XA,N9914A-308,N9917A-308,N9960A,N9950A,N9952A/010/210/211,N9951A-308,N9916A/112/210/211/233,N9926A,N9916A,N993XA,N9938A,N992XA,N9928A,N991XA,N9918A,N9916A-308,N9913A-308,N9951A,N9952A-308,N9923A,N9913A,N9935A,N9925A,N9914A/210/211/233,N9914A/210/233/310,N9961A,N9912A-106,N9918A-308,N9913A/210,N9923A-104,N9913A-210,N9923A-106,N9912A-104,N9915A-308,N9915A,N9937A,N9927A,N9917A,N9950A-308

用户指南 - KEYSIGHT - 2016年12月14日 PDF 中文下载

FieldFox Handheld Analyzers 4/6.5/9/14/18/26.5/32/44/50 GHz CONFIGURATION GUIDE

型号- N9962A,85056D,85052B,85032E,85096C,85052C,85032F,85052D,N9911X-41X,N996XA,N9914A,85092C,N4693A,N9911X-21X,N7553A,N9950A,R11644A,N9926A,N9938A,85521A,N992XA,N9918A,85036B,85561A,85056A,85036E,N9951A,N9935AU,N7552A,85033D,85033E,N9937AU,N9923A,N9935A,85093C,A-SERIES,K11644A,N4690B,N4690C,N4690D,85518A,85514A,N9915A,N9927A,N9961AU,85562A,Q11644A,85054B,N7551A,N9952A,85056KE01,85054D,N9912A,N995XA,N9936A,N9911X-11X,N4691B,N9911X-31X,N4691D,N7555A,N9960A,X11644A,85519A,85515A,N993XA,N9916A,85038A,N9928A,U11644A,N991XA,85056KE02,85563A,N9936AU,P11644A,N995XAU,N9938AU,N7550A,N9913A,N9925A,N4692A,N9961A,N7554A,N9910X-801,N9910X-800,N9937A,N9962AU,85520A,85564A,N9917A,N9960AU,N9910X-803,N9910X-802

用户指南 - KEYSIGHT - July 27, 2023 PDF 英文下载