Choosing The Right Circuit Protection For LEDs
Approximately 25 percent of global energy consumption goes to lighting applications, so making lighting more energy-efficient could have a dramatic impact on overall energy usage or make more power available for other uses. Legislation designed to discourage the use of incandescent lamps has been a significant factor in the growth in demand for LED lighting equipment. At the same time, both consumers and industrial users are increasingly interested in energy-efficient lighting options, further stimulating the demand for LED lighting.
Technical innovations that impact LED efficiency (more lumens per watt), secondary optics (better lenses/reflectors), and thermal dissipation are increasingly allowing LED lighting to replace legacy light sources like mercury vapor, metal halide, and sodium vapor lights in outdoor applications. However, outdoor LED lighting can be very expensive to install; payback must be determined based on lower wattage demands, lower maintenance costs, and a longer operating life. To prevent outdoor LED lighting from experiencing failures within an investment payback period of about five years, high durability and reliability are essential. Transient surge events in AC power lines represent a serious threat to outdoor LED lighting fixtures.
INDIRECT LIGHTNING-INDUCED SURGES
Whenever electrical devices are switched on or off, overvoltage transient surges can affect nearby AC power lines. Similarly, lightning strikes (Figure 1) can generate transient surges in AC power lines, especially in outdoor environments.
Indirect lightning energy can affect outdoor LED lighting installations adversely. Transient voltage protection is crucial to eliminate field failures driven by the electrical environment. Luminaires are vulnerable to damage both in the differential and common modes:
● Differential mode: High voltage/current transient between the L-N or L-L terminals of a luminaire could damage components in the power supply unit or LED module board.
● Common mode: High voltage/current transient between the L-G (earth) or N-G (earth) of the luminaire could break over safety insulation in the power supply unit or LED module board, including the LED to heat-sink insulation.
LED lighting equipment manufacturers rely on carefully chosen fuses, metal oxide varistors (MOVs), and TVS diodes to meet important regulatory and safety standards related to overvoltage transients. The United States is leading the way in establishing uniform performance and safety standards for both indoor commercial lighting and outdoor roadway, parking lot, and garage illumination.
Overvoltage transient surge testing per IEC 61000-4-5 is a global requirement for LED lighting assemblies, except in the United States, which has its own set of standards. In addition, part of IEC61547, “Equipment for General Lighting Purposes,” requires electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) immunity testing. Figure 2 shows two waveforms that define the rise time and duration of the test voltage and current. The test waveform is a combination of 1. xn--250s-qma265b open circuit voltage and 8×20μs short circuit current waveform. To conduct this test, the specified peak current is calibrated on the surge generator by shorting the output to the ground prior to connecting to the luminaire.
To prevent damage caused by surge energy, enhance reliability, minimize maintenance, and extend the useful life of an outdoor lighting installation, a robust surge suppression circuit is essential. Figure 3 illustrates the various elements often incorporated into a street light surge protection circuit.
MOV technology is an affordable, highly effective method for suppressing transients in power supplies and other applications, such as the SPD modules often located in front of an LED driver.
MOVs are designed to clamp overvoltage transients within microseconds. However, when built into SPD modules, MOVs can be subject to temporary overvoltage conditions caused by loss of neutral or by faulty installation wiring. These conditions can severely stress a MOV and cause it to experience thermal runaway, resulting in smoke, overheating, and possibly fire. North American safety standards for SPDs (including UL 1449) define atypical conditions under which devices must be tested to ensure SPD safety. Robust SPD designs feature thermal disconnects to protect the MOVs from thermal runaway.
MOVs tend to degrade steadily after exposure to a large surge or several small surges, which leads to increasing MOV leakage current. Even under normal conditions (e.g., 120 VAC/240 VAC operating voltage), this degradation will increase the MOV’s temperature. A thermal disconnect placed next to the MOV can be used to sense the increase in MOV temperature as it continues to deteriorate. When the MOV reaches the end of its operating life, the thermal disconnect will open the circuit, remove the degraded MOV from the circuit, and prevent its catastrophic failure.
END-OF-LIFE/REPLACEMENT INDICATION
Once a MOV is disconnected from the circuit, the SPD no longer provides surge suppression. To prevent subsequent surges from damaging the fixture, the circuit designer should implement a method that alerts maintenance personnel that the SPD requires replacement. Luminaire designers have two main types of SPD module configurations from which to choose, depending on their maintenance and warranty strategies: parallel- and series-connected surge protection subassemblies.
● Parallel connection: The SPD module is connected in parallel with the load. Here, an SPD module that has reached end-of-life condition is disconnected from the power source while the AC/DC power supply unit remains energized. The lighting fixture still operates, but the power supply unit and LED module are no longer protected from the next surge. Today, SPD modules are available with small LEDs that serve as replacement indicators, such as a green LED that indicates an online SPD module or a red LED that indicates an offline SPD module. It’s also possible to indicate the need for SPD module replacement remotely by using a light management center with SPD module end-of-life indication wires connected to a networked smart lighting system rather than placing indicators at each lighting fixture.
● Series connection: In this configuration, the SPD module is connected in series with the load. An SPD module at the end of its life is disconnected from the power source, which turns off the light, indicating the need for a maintenance call. The disconnected SPD module not only turns the light off but isolates the AC/DC power supply unit from future surge strikes. This configuration is growing in popularity because it protects the luminaire investment while the SPD module is awaiting replacement. It is also much more economical to replace a series-connected SPD module than to replace the whole luminaire, as in the case of a parallel-connected SPD module.
CONCLUSION
Installing an SPD module in front of the LED power supply unit provides effective protection for lighting systems. Placing thermal disconnects in these modules improves their overall safety and helps them to achieve UL 1449 certification. To allow LED fixtures to pay back their initial investment, designers must include mechanisms to indicate their SPD modules require replacement.
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本文由杰西啊杰西转载自Yint News，原文标题为:Choosing The Right Circuit Protection For LEDs，本站所有转载文章系出于传递更多信息之目的，且明确注明来源，不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系，我们将立即进行删除处理。
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AEM科技（AEM）电子电路保护产品选型指南
目录- Company Overview Overview of Surface Mount Fuses Surface Mount Fuses Quick Index SolidMatrix® Surface Mount Fuses TF-FUSE® Surface Mount Fuses AirMatrix® Surface Mount Fuses CMF High Power Surface Mount Fuses
型号- F1206HA15V024TM,HC SERIES,F0603HI8000V032TM,F1206SB2000V063TM,AF2-1.00V125TM,HA SERIES,F1206VH4500TM,CM2822H40A0TM,F0603FF2000V032TM,F0402FA3000V024T,F0603FA0750V063TM,T0603HI2500TM,F1206SB3000V032TM,AF2-0.75V125TM,F1206HC15A0TM,CM2822H60A0TM,T0603FF1500TM,F1206HI6000V024TM,AF2-0.63V125TM,F1206HI5000V032TM,AF1206F4.00TM,HI SERIES,F0603FA1000V032TM,T0402FF5000TM,F0603FF2500V032TM,AF1206F2.00TM,F0402FA6000V024T,AF1206F8.00TM,F1206FA2000V063TM,F0603HI3000V032TM,F0603HI1000V032TM,F0603HI6000V032TM,F0603SB4500V032TM,T0402FF0250TM,T0402FF3000TM,F1206HI8000V024TM,MF2410F0.630TM,F1206SB5000V032TM,F0603SB2500V032TM,F1206HB12V024TM,F1206VH3000TM,T0603HI1000TM,CM2822H20A0T,F0603FA4000V032TM,F0603FF0500V032TM,AF1206F1.60TM,AF2-3.00V125TM,F1206HI1000V063TM,AF1206F2.50TM,CM2822H80A0TM,AF2-8.00V125TM,F0603FA1500V063TM,T0603FF1250TM,T0603FF4000TM,CM2822H20A0TM,F0603HI5000V032TM,F1206HI0750V065TM,AF1206F10.0TM,F1206FA1000V063TM,FA SERIES,F0402FA0750V024T,F0603FF4500V032TM,F1206HC12A0TM,F1206SB7000V024TM,F0402FA5000V024T,F0603FA3000V032TM,F1206HI1500V063TM,MF2410F0.800TM,F1206HC30A0TM,F1206VH7000TM,AF2-4.00V125TM,F1206FA7000V032TM,AF2-3.50V125TM,F0603FF1750V032TM,MF SERIES,F0603FF1250V032TM,F0603SB2000V032TM,F1206VH8000TM,MF2410F2.000TM,F0603HI3500V032TM,F0603FF4000V032TM,T0402FF1750TM,CM2822H125AT,T0402FF0200TM,F1206HB15V024TM,AF2-1.25V125TM,F0402FA8000V024T,T0603FF0250TM,T0603FF3000TM,F0603SB6000V032TM,F1206HI3500V032TM,F1206SB8000V024TM,T0603FF2000TM,MF2410F1.000TM,CM2822H70A0TM,F0603FA1000V063TM,F1206FA3000V032TM,T0603HI3000TM,F1206HC40A0TM,AF2-20.0V065TM,AF1206F3.00TM,F1206SB1500V063TM,T0402FF1250TM,T0402FF4000TM,F1206SB5500V024TM,F0603SB3500V032TM,AF2-3.15V125TM,F1206HI0500V065TM,F1206VH2500TM,T0603FF0750TM,T0603FF3500TM,F1206HA10V024TM,F1206SB1250V063TM,F1206SB3500V032TM,F0603HI2000V032TM,F1206HB20V024TM,AF2-0.50V125TM,F0402FA7000V024T,AF2-12.0V065TM,AF1206F5.00TM,AF2-7.00V125TM,HB SERIES,F1206HI7000V024TM,AF1206F6.30TM,T0603HI0750TM,T0603HI3500TM,AF1206F3.50TM,T0603FF2500TM,F0603SB5000V032TM,AF2-1.50V125TM,F1206VH3500TM,F0603HL1500V032TM,CMF,F0603FF1500V032TM,T0603FF0200TM,T0603FF1750TM,CM2822H30A0TM,F0603FF3000V032TM,F1206SB1000V063TM,T0603HI2000TM,F1206HA12V024TM,MF2410F0.500TM,F1206HI4500V032TM,F1206HA20V024TM,CM2822H100AT,AF1206F7.00TM,F1206HB10V024TM,F1206HB30V024TM,F0603FA6000V024TM,F0603FF1000V032TM,VH SERIES,AF1206F15.0TM,F0603SB3000V032TM,F0603FA3500V032TM,F0603FA2000V032TM,T0402FF0500TM,F1206FA0750V063TM,T0402FF0375TM,F0402FA2000V024T,F0603HI2500V032TM,F1206SB2500V032TM,CM2822H,F1206FA6000V032TM,T0603FF0150TM,F1206HI2500V032TM,F1206FA4000V032TM,MF2410F1.600TM,T0603FF1000TM,F1206VH6000TM,F1206FA1500V063TM,F0402FA0500V024T,T0603HI4000TM,CM2822H50A0TM,FF SERIES,AF2-10.0V125TM,F0603FF0750V032TM,T0402FF0750TM,T0402FF3500TM,F1206HI3000V032TM,F0402FA1500V024T,F1206FA8000V032TM,F0603SB8000V032TM,F1206HI2000V063TM,T0603FF5000TM,CMF SERIES,F0603FF5000V032TM,F1206FA1750V063TM,F1206SB4500V032TM,CM2822H90A0TM,AF1206F12.0TM,AF2-5.00V125TM,T0402FF2000TM,F0603HI4500V032TM,F0603HI4000V032TM,F0603FF3500V032TM,F1206HC20A0TM,F1206VH5000TM,F0603SB1000V032TM,F0603SB7000V032TM,CM2822H SERIES,F1206HB25V024TM,T0402FF1500TM,T0603FF0375TM,F0603FA5000V032TM,F1206VH4000TM,T0603H|1500TM,F1206SB4000V032TM,T0603HI0500TM,AF2-2.50V125TM,AF SERIES,F1206FA0500V063TM,F1206HC25A0TM,AF1206F1.50TM,AF1206F3.15TM,F0603SB1500V032TM,F1206HI4000V032TM,F0402FA4000V024T,MF2410F0.500TM-7,SB SERIES,F0603FA0500V063TM,F1206HC10A0TM,F1206FA2500V032TM,T0402FF2500TM,AF21.00V125TM-T,AF2-6.30V125TM,F0402FA1000V024T,AF2-2.00V125TM,T0402FF1000TM,F0603FA2500V032TM,MF2410F1.250TM,F0603HI7000V032TM,F1206FA5000V032TM,F1206SB6000V024TM,T0603FF0500TM,AF2-15.0V065TM,F0603SB4000V032TM
【技术】MOV/GDT/TVS可用于保护户外LED照明免于感应浪涌冲击损害
保护户外LED照明免于感应浪涌冲击损害的方式是阻断高电压/电流瞬态干扰进入照明灯具。因此可以在户外LED照明应用中采用一种浪涌保护器（SPD）来抑制浪涌能量并最大限度地减少对照明设备的浪涌冲击。浪涌保护器件包括金属氧化物压敏电阻（MOV）、体放电管（GDT）和瞬态电压抑制（TVS）二极管。
The Role of TVS Diodes in LINBus Communication
This article delves into the intricacies of LINBus communication, the importance of TVS diodes, and how they contribute to the robust and reliable operation of modern automotive networks.
452 and 454 Series Surface Mount Fuses Nano²® Slo-Blo® 6.3 A and 10 A Standard 2410 Fuses
型号- 452,454,454 SERIES,452 SERIES
Features, Characteristics and User Guides of TVS Diodes
TVS is an overvoltage protection device with bidirectional voltage stabilization characteristics and bidirectional negative resistance characteristics, similar to a varistor. It is used in various AC and DC power circuits to suppress instant overvoltage.
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可定制DC风扇的尺寸范围：15mm~225mm；转速：≤16500 RPM；噪音：≥10.4dB，还可定制厚度、电压、风量、风压等参数，符合 RoHS 标准。
最小起订量： 1 提交需求>
可定制风扇尺寸范围：30mm~120mm；转速：2000~30000RPM；噪音≥17dB。最大风量范围：3.28~262.39CFM；最大风压范围：1.25~110.83mmH2O；
最小起订量： 1 提交需求>
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