【经验】100MHz有源差分晶振SG7050VEN在VPX板卡中的设计和使用
PCIe接口在现代的电子设备中已经是屡见不鲜的通信接口了,其通信速率从最开始PCIe1.0的2.5GT/s发展到现在PCIe3.0的8GT/s,新规范PCIe4.0达到了16GT/s,最新发布的PCIe5.0规范其速率将会达到超高的32GT/s。这么高的速率,如果没有一个稳定可靠的时钟来驱动,其结果就会“失之毫厘谬以千里”了。本文以一个实际项目为例,介绍了差分晶振的选型和设计方法,供大家参考。
EPSON是做晶振的老牌厂家,其晶振产品型号齐全,品质不容置疑。台晶(TXC)电子的晶振也是名声赫赫,各种电子设备里都很容易找到它们的踪迹。
我们的项目是某研究所的VPX板卡,其部分功能框图如下所示。
图 1 系统功能框图
项目中的处理器、PCIe交换芯片和VPX背板都需要100MHz的差分时钟。总共需要7组100MHz差分时钟。我们采用的方案是用一个100MHz差分晶振输出给100MHz的PLL芯片,再从芯片扇出7组100MHz差分时钟分别输出给处理器、PCIe交换芯片和VPX背板。因为100MHz时钟对整个系统有着重要作用,因此我们对比了EPSON和TXC的100MHz有源差分晶振。EPSON选择了SG7050VEN系列,TXC选择了BE系列。
有源晶振对比内容如下表所示。
表 1 EPSON SG7050VEN和TXC BE差分晶振参数对比
从上表可以看出,EPSON的SG7050VEN晶振比TXC的BE晶振相位抖动更小、上升下降时间更短,而消耗的电流更少。考虑到板卡的供电情况,我们选择3.3V供电类型,最终我们选择了EPSON的SG7050VEN 100CJG用来作为整个系统的时钟源。
SG7050VEN有源差分晶振和PLL芯片的原理图设计如下所示。
图 2 100MHz时钟原理图
原理图设计时需要注意如下几点:
1. 差分时钟的电源引脚必须要加去耦电容,最好是一大一小两个,这样可以有效减少电源干扰对晶振的影响;
2. 差分时钟输出最好各串联一个小电阻,10欧姆或者22欧姆都可以,可以减少传输线的反射;
3. 差分晶振的输出类型必须要和PLL芯片的输入类型一致,我们这里的PLL选用的是TI的LMK00338,其输入时钟可以是LVDS类型,也可以是LVPECL类型,因此差分晶振我们选择LVDS输出类型,当然也可以选择LVPECL输出类型的差分晶振。
有源差分晶振和PLL芯片的PCB布局和布线如下图所示。
图 3 PCB布局和布线图
图中绿色框内部分左上角为差分晶振,中间为PLL芯片。因为100MHz时钟频率比较高,且为差分信号,所以布局和布线都要求较高,否则可能导致时钟抖动变大,引起PCIe总线收发不稳定或者加大丢包率。
有源差分晶振的布局布线一般需要注意以下几点:
1. 有源差分晶振必须紧靠PLL芯片放置,缩短差分信号走线,减少外界干扰;
2. 去耦电容要紧靠电源引脚放置(图中有源晶振的去耦电容放在6脚的背面,这样离引脚最近),有效滤除电源带来的干扰;
3. 差分信号必须紧靠在一起走线,且必须保持等长,也是为了减少外界干扰;
4. 差分信号必须控制走线阻抗,LVDS信号阻抗一般为100欧姆,以保证差分信号的信号完整性。
只有原理图设计和PCB设计都严格遵守高速信号的规范进行设计,最终做出来的板卡才能达到客户的要求。
图 4 有源晶振和PLL芯片实物图
差分时钟信号经过实际测试,信号质量很好,达到了预期目标。测试眼图如下所示。
图 5 差分时钟眼图测试
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型号- X1G005531XXXX00,SG7050EEN,SG3225EEN156.250000MHZCDGA,X1G005511XXXX00,SG3225VEN,X1G005551XXXX00,X1G005541XXXX00,X1G005521XXXX00,SG5032VEN,X1G005351XXXX00,X1G005331XXXX00,X1G005131XXXX00,SG7050VEN,X1G005221XXXX00,SG3225EEN,X1G005561XXXX00,SG5032EEN
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X1G0053510041xx SG3225VEN 135.000000MHz CJGA Crystal Oscillator (SPXO)
型号- SG3225VEN156.250000MHZCDGA,SG7050VEN,SG3225VEN,X1G005541XXXX00,X1G0053510041XX,SG3225VEN 135.000000MHZ CJGA,X1G005521XXXX00,X1G005561XXXX00,SG5032VEN,X1G005351XXXX00,X1G005331XXXX00
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型号- FC-12M,XV4001BX,SR3225SAA,SG2016VHN,TG2016SMN,FA1008AN,SG-850XCA,TG-5006CE,TG-5006CG,SG-8018CGA,SG-210 STF,SG3225EEN,RX-4803LC,SG3225CAN,FA-238,SG2520HGN,SG2016EGN,TG7050XKN,VG7050EBN,SG7050EEN,SG3225VEN,TG-5510CA,RX-8025SA,TG2520SMN,TG-5510CB,SG5032VEN,SG7050CAN,SG-8201CJA,TG-5006CJ,SG-8018CA,SG-8018CB,TSX-3225,SG3225HBN,SG2520EHN,RX-4045SA,FA-128,SG-8201CJ,SG-8018CG,SG-8201CG,VG7050ECN,SG2016EHN,SG-8018CE,SG-8101CE,RX-8731LC,SG2016CAA,SG-8101CG,SG2520VHN,SG-8101CA,SG-8101CB,SG-3031CMA,TG5032SGN,RX-4035SA,EG-2102CB,EG-2121CB,EG-2102CA,SG2520EGN,SG2016CAN,VG7050CDN,XG5032HAN,SG-3031CM,SG7050CCN,XV7011BB,XV-3510CB,VG5032EFN,SG2016VGN,TG-5511CB,SG2520VGN,TG-5511CA,TG5032SFN,XG-2103CA,SG-8200CG,RA****CE,FC-13A,SG-8200CJ,RA4803SA,FC-135,SG5032EEN,TG5032CGN,VG7050EAN,FA-118T,SG5032CAN,RX-8803SA,XV4001KX,SG7050VAN,RX-4035LC,RX-8025NB,FA-238V,TG5032SMN,FA1612AS,XV7081BB,XV7001BB,RTC-8564NB,SG3225EAN,TG1612SLN,FC2012SN,MC-146,RX-8035SA,RX8900SA,VG7050EFN,RX-4045NB,RX-4571SA,RX6110SA,FC3215AN,TG5032CFN,SG3225VAN,VG3225EFN,FA-20H,RX-8803LC,TG3541CEA,FC2012AN,SG5032VAN,MG7050,FA2016AA,FA-238A,SG7050EAN,VG5032EDN,FC1610AN,RX-8035LC,XG-2102CA,XG-2121CA,FC-135R,RX-4571LC,TG5032CMN,VG5032VFN,XC1011SD,SG5032CCN,XV7021BB,FA2016AS,TG3225CEN,RX-8564LC,TG5032SKN,VG7050VFN,MG7050 SERIES,FC1610BN,RX-4803SA,SG-9101CGA,RA8803SA,VG3225VFN,RX-8571SA,FA1210AN,SG2016HGN,TG7050XMN,FC2012AA,TG2520CEN,MC-30A,MC-306,RX-8571LC,TG2016SLN,TG-3541CE,SG7050VEN,RTC-8564JE,SG2016HHN,SG5032EAN,SG-9101CB,TG5032CKN,SG-9101CA,SG2520HHN,RX-4571NB,RX****CE,RX8010SJ,RA-4565SA,SG-9101CE,FA2016ASA,SG-9101CG,VG5032VDN
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X1G0053310003xx SG7050VEN 156.250000MHz CDGA Crystal Oscillator (SPXO)
型号- SG7050VEN 156.250000MHZ CDGA,X1G0053310003XX,SG7050VEN,SG3225VEN,SG3225 VEN 156.250000MHZ CDGA,X1G005541XXXX00,X1G005521XXXX00,X1G005561XXXX00,SG5032VEN,X1G005351XXXX00,X1G005331XXXX00
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提供CE测试服务,通过晶体回路匹配分析,给出测试报告。支持EPSON所有MHz无源晶体、32.768KHz晶体。支持到场/视频直播测试,资深专家全程指导。
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测试范围:扬兴晶振全系列晶体,通过对晶体回路匹配分析,调整频率、驱动功率和起振能力,解决频偏、不起振、干扰、频率错误等问题。技术专家免费分析,测完如有问题,会进一步晶振烧录/修改电路。
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