【经验】国产AC-DC开关电源芯片KP2123M输入Inrush电流抑制办法

时间： 2021-09-07 来源：世强

技术问答

某客户设计一款交流洗地机，主电源AC-DC部分选用必易微电子的AC-DC开关电源芯片 KP2123M，设计输入220V，输出12V/2A,在实际测试过程中发现，输入冲击（Inrush）电流过大，实际超过3A，远远大于设计的2A，如果不加以限制会对后级电路造成损害，可能会击穿保险丝，进而烧毁后级元器件，客户现在急需一种可靠的解决办法。本文主要帮助客户设计一种简单可靠的冲击电流抑制方法。

客户设计电路如下：

由于图中输入电容Cin的存在，在实际工作中电容器的瞬态可以是看做短路的，当开关电源上电时，会产生非常大的冲击电流，冲击电流的幅度要比稳态工作电流大很多。

针对当前客户的小功率应用（12V*2A，24W）应用，我们推荐客户采用最简单的串联电阻法。如下图所示：

在AC输入端串联一颗电阻Rin，如果电阻选得大，冲击电流就小，但在电阻上的功耗就大，所以必须选择折衷的电阻值，使冲击电流和电阻上的功耗都在允许的范围之内。虽然方案简单但是对电阻的选择要求很高。

串连在电路上的电阻必须能承受在开机时的高电压和大电流，大额定电流的电阻在这种应用中比较适合，常用的为线绕电阻，但在高湿度的环境下，则不要用线绕电阻。因线绕电阻在高湿度环境下，瞬态热应力和绕线的膨胀会降低保护层的作用，会因湿气入侵而引起电阻损坏。

本例中帮助客户推荐一颗耐压500V，1W的绕线电阻，厚生KNP01W（世强同时代理该电阻），虽然损失部分功率，但是有效的限制了冲击电流，进而安全的保护后级器件，保证系统的正常运行。

在小功率应用场合，我们都可以采用这种简单的冲击电流限制方法，不仅方法简单而且成本还很低，同时稳定可靠。

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