【应用】基于Littelfuse保护器件的仪器电源保护方案

时间： 2020-03-16 来源：Littelfuse

技术问答

电源是仪器必不可少的一部分，也是最重要的一部分，电源如果出了问题，会对仪器或者内部核心器件造成不可逆的损坏，所以做好对电源的保护至关重要，如下图一所示电源框图，本文主要介绍采用LITTELFUSE保险丝、压敏电阻、瞬态抑制二极管等器件进行电源保护的方案。

图一：电源框图

仪器的电源大多取自市电，与交流干线（120 to 250VACrms）直接连接的产品更易接触严峻的浪涌瞬态环境（如雷电、负荷切换等），遭遇短路和过载情况的可能性也更大。因此，保护器件的功能需要更为强大。并且根据《GB 4793.1-2007 测量、控制和实验室用电气设备的安全要求第1部分：通用要求》规定，由电网电源供电的或要与电网电源连接的设备应当用熔断器、断路器、热切断器、阻抗限制电路或类似装置来进行保护，防止设备出现故障时从电网获得过大的能量。这种保护是要限制故障的进一步发展以及着火和火焰蔓延的可能性。过流保护装置也能在故障情况下提供防电击保护。

图二：562/564系列电路板安装保险丝盒

从安规上来说，保险丝是必须的，Littelfuse作为全球排名第一的电路保护供应商，能够提供种类最多、范围最广的电路保护产品组合,可以采用Littelfuse 管状或引线型保险丝（Pico5x20mm、2AG、3AG、TE5/TR5）用于短路和过载电流情况下的保护。如图二，本方案采用Littelfuse公司的562/564系列电路板安装保险丝盒，适用于TE5/TR5保险丝，安装方便，并且便于维护，安装尺寸小，额定电压高达250V，非常适合交流干线的电源保护。

图三：Littelfuse LA变阻器系列瞬态电压浪涌抑制器

安规上说的阻抗限制电路可以用压敏电阻来实现,压敏电阻可以实现对浪涌的保护。压敏电阻应按其可能经受的瞬态浪涌严苛程度（能量、电压和峰值脉冲电流）来进行选择。本方案采用Littelfuse的LA变阻器系列瞬态电压浪涌抑制器，如图三，LA变阻器系列有四种型号：7mm、10mm、14mm和20mm；VM（AC）均方根电压范围从130V到1000V，能量吸收能力高达360J，并且需要的安装空间小，方便使用。

图四：P4SMA 系列TVS管

对于直流总线上的保护，包括+3.3V、-5V、+5V、-12V及+12VDC的电路，需要瞬态抑制二极管为电源设备的每个直流输出端提供额外的瞬态保护，如图四，本方案采用Littelfuse P4SMA 系列TVS管，P4SMA系列专门用于保护敏感电子设备，使其免受雷击和其他瞬态电压事件引起的瞬态电压侵害，并且具有封装小、低电感、响应时间快、箝位能力出色等众多优势。

以上Littelfuse的电源保护器件，世强均有备料，能够帮助客户大大降低研发采购周期，节省时间成本，并且世强具有整套的电源保护解决方案，能够迅速帮助研发提供适合自己仪器的电源保护解决方案。

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ZPzhong Lv7. 资深专家 2020-12-14

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Jackchenying Lv7. 资深专家 2020-11-13

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【选型】Littelfuse（力特）保险丝电路保护器件选型指南

目录- 保险丝特性/术语/考量因素选择清单标准包装/零件编号免责声明表面贴装保险丝径向引线型保险丝轴向引线型和管式保险丝管式保险丝座特殊应用保险丝

型号- 45302.5,0977016.XEP,03540903ZXGY,0154.125,03540821ZXBL,0482 0007ZXB,03540911ZXGY,01550009ZXA,111 501,111 505,111 506,0454003.,0454001.,01550009ZXU,3453HS3-010,03540001ZXGY,800,801,03540806ZXGY,802,454007,803,804,454005,454004,0477016.XEP,454003,0454002.,807,808,0482 0019ZXB,015401.6,015401.5,0100 0054,208 000P,0977.800XEP,0216 000XP,154.315,820 20,0453.250,0215.125XEP,345 101,225 000P,810,811,640 0000 1603,813,814,815,816,0482 0007ZXP,559 0000 00 01,0154.375,0275025.,121004,282008,65800001XXX,121001,282007,820,121002,821,282002,0100 0058,823,824,282001,0100 0056,3453LF2-010,03540912ZXGY,154.375,0216.800XEP,03540807ZXGY,100 058,0453002.,0453.080,100 054,100 056,01550114ZXA,830,03540902ZXGY,831,0281 0008H,0107 0002,853 0000 1009,834,0454007.,835,837,0477.800XEP,279 000,154.125,0106 0001,216SP,800 01,0154.315,101001,0482 0001ZXPF,0215001.XEP,0453003.,0482 0019ZXP,562 0000 1009,3453HS4-010,01550114ZXU,454002,454001,015403.5,453.062,02450002X,3453LF1-010,65800003XXX,0154.100,850,0482 0009ZXB,851,852,853,855,856,0454005.,02450002H,129 002,0213 000P,129 001,01550020ZXA,0100 0020,0482 0020ZXB,314 000P,866 0000 1009,02450001X,0453001.,15403.5,3453LF1-020,0281 0007H,0482 0020ZXP,0453.062,154.750 T,860,862,865,03540010ZXGY,866,837 0000 0005,02450001H,01550020ZXU,0454004.,0520 0005 ZXGY,313 000P,824 0000 0005,125002,125001,0213 000 XEP,870,03540808ZXGY,874,875,876,877,PICO 259,0217.315 XEP,3453LF4-010,0154.750,0453007.,649 0000 3039,0285.125 XRP,127 002,0281 0005H,640,816 0000 0005,655 0000 0405,400,646,648,649,0482 0015ZXP,127 001,0482 0009ZXBF,0217.400 XEP,815 0000 0005,342 058,52100001009,830 0000 0005,0453004.,01550104ZXU,0482 0002ZXPF,652,653,0482 0005ZXB,655,0482 0010ZXPF,656,101002,658,101003,646 1200 7113,659,01550104ZXA,03540011ZXGY,451.1,03540901ZXGY,0453005.,342 048,660,824 0000 0205,429,0215020P,0482 0017ZXB,649 0000 1039,435,437,438,659 0000 0009,0482 0005ZXP,0451.062,440,441,443,202,203,445,254 121,446,688,447,448,449,208,209,646 1200 7123,154001. T,0482 0003ZXPF,0154.500,0453008.,824 20,451,452,453,0520 0001,354 101-GY,454,213,456,215,03540012ZXGY,458,216,459,217,218,453.1,453.2,03540809ZXGY,453.8,453.5,0520 0004 Z,453.4,460,3453LF3-010,461,0451.080,312 000,462,220,464,465,0482 0008ZXBF,466,224,467,225,468,469,254 101,229,800 0000 0105,0482 0017ZXP,560 0000 13 19,01000020Z,471,230,472,0101 0001,473,232,233,0356 0011Z,234,477,235,239,125 001,125 003,570 0000 0001,125 002,0445 0001,03540601ZXGY,154002. T,109 002,345_ISF,02200029MXP,0281 0001,109 001,481,482,0101 0002,242,485,0101 0003,0482 0016ZXBF,04533.15,245,0356 0010Z,0215020.XEP,01550004ZXA,102064,345 101-010,0482 0002ZXB,0482 0002ZXP,03540005ZXGY,803 01,251,494,253,254,0122 055Z-1,348 677,354 700,01550004ZXU,348 671,03540101ZXGY,0482 0019ZXPF,15401.5 T,03540906ZXGY,3453QS2-010,0216.050XEP,345 101-020,03540803ZXGY,262,102071,263,265,266,267,268,520 001,269,520 003,520 004,PICO 259-UL913,0482 0007ZXBF,0235006.XEP,0482 0004ZXPF,0218 000P,272,030,273,274,03540602ZXGY,275,154.8,262 000,278,0239 000P,279,505 000P,0453.630,154.1,0154007.,0482 0014ZXP,154.5,154.4,154004. T,155 100,154.2,3453QS8-010,01550014ZXA,340 313,0482 0014ZXB,281,282,01550120ZXU,340 312,285,286,155 004A,348 600,04611.25,0453.400,852 0000 1009,01550120ZXA,045306.3,0281 0008 H,1541.25,268 000,811 0000 0005,01500145HXB,01550014ZXU,0482 0017ZXBF,348 877,155 114A,0218.032 XEP,3453QS3-010,278 000,348 871,640 0000 1003,658 0000 1109,0482 0001ZXBF,03540004ZXGY,155 004U,220 000P,58300000005,831 0000 0005,0482 0006ZXBF,451.125,03540907ZXGY,0482 0005ZXPF,155 006A,0154008.,03540802ZXGY,155 114U,00300210M,155 006U,850 0000 1009,0254 0002Z,344 125,658 0000 4009,0482 0010ZXP,045402.5,01550109ZXU,03540905ZXGY,0154003.,0482 0010ZXB,3453LF8-010,01550006ZXU,00300210N,3453QS7-010,0254 0003Z,0232 000P,03540003ZXGY,0482 0002ZXBF,0482 0009ZXP,0154002.,348 800,0482 0009ZXPF,0154.080,0453.200,3453RF8-010,01550100Z,0359 0010Z,315 000P,03540603ZXGY,3453HS1-010,02810001H,520_W,332 000P,224 000P,66000001009,508 000P,0154005.,0477.500XEP,325 000P,155 009A,3453QS4-010,0359 0011Z,0482 0018ZXBF,0254 0001Z,453.315,851 0000 1009,155 009U,15401.6,286 377,15401.5,0482 0021ZXPF,45403.5,0154004.,01550109ZXA,0359 0012Z,653 0000 0405,0482 0008ZXPF,154.375 T,3453LF7-010,454.375,0216001.XEP,835 0000 0005,322 000P,03540805ZXGY,345 121,658 0000 3109,652 0000 0405,03540002ZXGY,266 000,0275030.,154L,02200019MXP,03540604ZXGY,045302.5,281010,03540904ZXGY,208 000EP,0482 0003ZXBF,453.75,45303.5,0216016.XEP,0482 0020ZXPF,0154001.,3453HS2-010,354 900,281007,154T,281008,281005,0482 0012ZXB,0482 0012ZXP,640 0000 1403,03540804ZXGY,51800001009,453.63,0482 0019ZXBF,0356 0012Z,45401.5,0154.062,834 0000 0005,01550006ZXA,0217015 XEP,453.125,344 400,015402.5,0218.125 XEP,0254 0204Z,344 405,230 000P,344 402,0482 0007ZXPF,344 401,0453.160,344 404,344 403,0482 0004ZXBF,0233 000P,0482 0018ZXP,0154.250,0482 0015ZXPF,265 000,354 000,209 000EP,801 0000 0005,453.08,640 0000 1503,0520 0101 Z,03540008ZXGY,0482 0018ZXB,0254 0205Z,810 0000 0005,571 0000 0001,

选型指南 - LITTELFUSE - 2018年11月 PDF 中文下载

Littelfuse（力特）电路保护产品选型指南

目录- Company profile Circuit Protection Technologies Overcurrent/Overvoltage Protection device ESD Suppression Solutions Overcurrent Protection/Overvoltage Protection Applications Common Circuit Threatsand Protection Solutions Fuses Fuse Holders PPTC Devices Varistors Gas Discharge Tubes ESD Suppressors TVS Diode Arrays Protection Ics TVS Diodes PLED Bypass Protectors SIDACtor® Protection Thyristors Circuit Breakers

型号- PXXX0SAMC,LS2406ERQ23,1812L,LVR,SPHV,30KPA-HR,456SE,456SD,15KPA,345 SERIES,ITV9550 30A,AQ24CANFD,SDP,AC,RUEF110S,LS2406ERQ33,PXXX2AC,MICROSMDCH,562 SERIES,AQ1003-01ETG,SDPXXX0T023G5,150603,800,801,802,804,806,807,BA,808,BB,PGB2,PGB1,P4SMA,TSM600,PTF070,MICROASMD,SC1103C-01UTG,PTF078,PTF077,LS0504EVT233,PTF075,AQXXC-01LTG,810,811,356 SERIES,5KP,813,FB65,814,FB66,CA,CG,CH,PTF080,286677,PICOASMDCH,PXXX2AX,MINIASMDC,SMF4L,121004,B61089BDR,282008,121001,282007,820,121003,AK10-Y,821,121002,282002,823,824,282001,FB55,DA,828,DB,FB58,NANOASMDCH,820-20,830,831,834,835,TP5KP,101001,3453,3452,605,606,RKEF,607,PXXX2ACMC,LS12052BD33,AGRF,PTF0080M,B61089QDR,RUEF135V,850,851,852,3455,853,AHEF100,60R,617,618,GTCX36-XXXM-R05,PXXX0Q12X,860,862,HA,HB34,GTCX36-XXXM-R10,2920L,SP8008,AQ4337-01ETG,155 SERIES,P6SMB,803-01 SERIES,SLD,810 SERIES,870,PTF015,874,875,876,342 SERIES,877,5.0SMDJXXS-HRA,348 SERIES,30KPA,SM7,SM24CANB,SMCG-HR,TSV250,FC09B1606NL-0,SMD,SMF,TPSMB-VR,881,35408 SERIES,OMN002,400,OMN004,885,35406 SERIES,881 SERIES,OMN006,646,405,647,V20H275AUTO,407,649,RXEF,101010,52100001009,AQ24CANA,AQHVXX-01LTG,656,101002,PXXXXDF,658,101003,5KPA-HR,824-20 SERIES,5.0SMDJ,570 SERIES,AQ3530-01FTG,B-SERIES,662,663,422,664,665,LA,SMBLCE-HR,L-SERIES,AQHVXX-01LTG-C,PTF050,SC1105-01UTG,PTF055,G-SERIES,435,437,438,A-SERIES,870 SERIES,PTF065,440,RGEF,437A,441,SP1103C,443,202,203,254 121,445,446,688,447,3453 SERIES,448,449,208,209,TR600,04450001,PTF030,438A,451,SRP,452,453,454,TSM250,PTF035,213,456,215,821 SERIES,458,216,LV ULTRAMOV,459,217,218,SP3401,SP3400,AQ3522-01FTG,TPSMC,FHN26G2,TPSMB,PTF040,TPSMD,LS2405IDD23,PTF045,460,461,5KPA-HRA,462,220,464,465,466,224,467,225,576 SERIES,468,254 101,229,BXXX0CX,SL0902A,102080,470,BXXX1UX,471,472,230,473,232,233,501A,476,234,235,477,MIDSMD,PXXX4UCMC,239,MHS,850 SERIES,813 SERIES,AQ1205-01ETG,483,RA,485,487,802 SERIES,259UL913,ITV4030 22A,SM20,345121,102064,254 201 - 208,251,494,PLEDXUX,253,SD,SE,SG,SH,259,4.0SMDJ,SL1002A,SM,15KPA-HRA,15KPA-HR,GTCX37-XXXM-R10,102074,102076,102079,102078,NANOSMDCH,GTCA28-XXXM-R03,NY61AP,262,102071,263,265,266,3.0SMC,267,DSLP,268,269,LOW RHOPTC,520 002,520 003,520 004,SL1003A,520 005,1KSMB,345101,MLA,LS24062RQ23,1210L,AQ36CANA-02HTG,445073,MLE,MHP-TAM15,272,273,MLN,M-SERIES,274,E-SERIES,275,278,279,AQ3102-02HTG,MHP-TAC6,803-01,MHP-TA,285,AQ3041,SMBLCE-HRA,PLEDXUSXA,SP4322-01ETG,AQ3045,TP1.5KE,SP4208,SC1205-01ETG,820-20 SERIES,354 SERIES,CG33.0L,SP11XX,359 SERIES,MS-SERIES,111 SERIES,100 SERIES,NANOSMDC,346877,PICOASMDCH010F-2,340 SERIES,AHRF300,AHEF,342025,342024,342021,ZA,AQ3400,XGD,FH604,AQ1250-01ETG,PXXX3ACMC,FH602,PXXX6U,SP4010,342006,PLEDXN,SZD200,HG34,PLEDXS-A,J-SERIES,824 SERIES,FEMTOASMDC,ITV5432 30A,AK6-Y,557 SERIES,SL1021A,SL1021B,SP4020,SP4022,SP4021,SMDCH,SP4024,281010,SP4023,PLED,MINISMDC,AXXXXUX6,254 011 - 008,SMTAK3,PXXX0Q22XLH,MHP-TAM6,AK15,445005,281007,154T,281008,281005,AK10,AQ1005,51800001009,PXXXXS4X,ITMOV,354701 SERIES,483A,445004,LS05006VPQ33,SP4044,BXXX1UC4,SP4045,5200001,SMBJ,AQXX-01LTG,AQ7538-08UTG,SP1064E-04UTG,TCF250,SMTOAK2,SMAJ,AQ7520-08UTG,PXXX3AX,NANOASMDC,461E,811 SERIES,800 SERIES,157T,FC51,PXXX1U,PXXX1S,TRF250,SMBJ-HRA,SMDJ,CG3,SP3384NUTG,CG2,CG5,CG4,2205,CG7,B3XX4UX,CG6,VLP,VLR,0603L,PLEDXUX-A,SMCJ,PICOASMDC,LS0504EDD12,SMD2,PXXX0Q22C,GTCX35-XXXM-R05,SMDJ-HR,SMDC,TMOV34S,AHRF,440A,AXGD10603NR,K-SERIES,TPSMC-VR,H-SERIES,SZ1SMB,SZ1SMC,SZ1SMA,219XA,AK20-Y,ITV9550L2030MR,441A,SZ1.5SMC,SP1250-01ETG,C-SERIES,SC1210-01ETG,TB-SERIES,0402L,ITV9550 45A,AHRL,DHB34,FHN26W,AUML,TP6KE,LTKAK3,AQRV05-4HTG,LTKAK2,72R,977,TLP,LTKAK6,AQ15CANA-02HTG,PXXX3AC,SP3205-01ETG,501,3452 SERIES,504,505,506,507,GTCX23-XXXM-R01,508,8.0SMDJ,PXXX3U,100060,100061,100062,122090,100063,100064,100065,PXXX0SX,100066,SC1533-01LTG,SPHV-C,AHS,122093,150318,TS600,150319,150316,150317,150315,AQ3102-02JTG,150312,513,514,100058,100059,2016L,286377,122088,122087,559 SERIES,122083,GTCX26-XXXM-R05,521,523,AK15-Y,100067,526,150322,527,PXXX2SXLH,SL1411A,AK1,AK3,AK6,VTP,422A,SMCJ-HRA,ASMD,C-III,SR70,0805L,860 SERIES,RHEF,SMF3.3,303,304,305,308,35409,35408,35407,35406,TPSMA6L,PXXX2SX,SP724,SP725,SC1115-01UTG,TSL250,LOW RHO,HMOV,SP723,SP720,SP721,312,313,30R,314,556,315,557,559,318,SLD6S,SP1305,SP712,560,562,322,564,324,325,326,328,SLD5S,CX-SERIES,570,571,332,SLD8S,PXXX0SD,576,TRF600,PICOSMDC,3.0SMCJ,SZSMF,LS1205EVD33,SP1326,AQ12CANA-02HTG,340,150307,100,342,FHN20G,344,345,35407 SERIES,348,SMAJ-HRA,150300,AUMOV,LTKAK10,445 SERIES,SC1333-01ETG,RUEF,GTCX25-XXXM-R02,GTCX25-XXXM-R05,LS0502SCD33,111,354,356,52000001009,359,824-20,SP3420,150274,RUSBF,SP1003,SP3422,PXXX0ME,564 SERIES,SP2555NUTG,51900001009,10207101009,520 101,369,SL1122A,571 SERIES,SP1233,AQ2555NUTG,SP1255P,600R,PXXX4UX,WB07B0606LG,370,372,1.5SMC,TLPA,373,1.5SMB,374,SZSMF4L,377,820 SERIES,254 131,PXXX1CX2,SEPXXXXQ38,00300210,SZW200,TP5.0SMDJ,523 SERIES,SP1005,SP1006,CG32.0L,382,AQ1205-01FTG,383,385,35409 SERIES,407A,V14H460AUTO,SMA6L,391,392,CG32.5L,N-SERIES,SMA6J,395,3425L,F-SERIES,154,396,397,398,157,399,159,SC1122-01UT

选型指南 - LITTELFUSE - v0420 - 0420 PDF 英文下载

【经验】双向TVS管在IGBT门极驱动电路中的功能分析及选型

在IGBT的门极与发射极之间增加一颗双向TVS管，选择合适的钳位电压，可以实现对门极电压的钳位。推荐采用Littelfuse推出的双向TVS管SMBJ1xCA系列，具有出色的电压钳位能力，峰值脉冲功率可达600W，同时具有快速的响应时间，从0V到击穿电压最小值的响应时间通常小于1ps，可以保证在门极电压VGE升高时迅速反应，有效抑制门极电压的抬升。

设计经验发布时间 : 2018-10-11

【经验】如何通过公式计算给出ISO7637-2和ISO16750-2 5a 5b过抛负载测试的TVS管参数选型

ISO16750-2相比ISO7637-2更为严格，在抛负载测试时，新的标准要求110分钟做10次测试，每两次间隔1分钟，而老的测试标准仅需要做一次抛负载测试，一般用TVS管做过抛负载测试，本文主要以SLD8S24A为例讨论通过计算公式给出如何选择合适的过抛负载TVS管。

设计经验发布时间 : 2020-02-24

【选型】500W CAN总线保护双向TVS管，适用于EPS防雷保护设计

Littelfuse的CAN总线保护TVS管SM24CANB-02HTG，为500W TVS二极管阵列，内含两个双向TVS管，封装为SOT23-3。反向工作电压VRM为24V，0.1μA泄露电流Ileak（max），符合AEC-Q101汽车标准。

器件选型发布时间 : 2018-03-27

【技术大神】基于TVS管阵列的ESD防护设计及注意事项

本文介绍了笔者在智能采集终端项目技术改进中如何对TVS管进行选型，及设计过程中需要注意的设计事项。

技术探讨发布时间 : 2016-10-26

【选型】为RS232串口数据线（TxD、RxD、GND）通信选择合适的TVS管

RS232通信一般由三条数据线组成，即TxD、RxD和GND，为保证RS232串口数据通信免受ESD影响，一般需要在TxD与GND、RxD与GND间加入一颗TVS管做ESD防护设计，本文推荐选用高性能版littelfuse的双向TVS管SPHV15-01ETG-C，或者选择低成本版高特双向TVS管GSD15C，两者的最大反向工作电压均为15V，均为小尺寸贴片封装，均可满足设计需求。

器件选型发布时间 : 2019-08-20

【应用】Vrwm为12V的TVS管SMAJ12CA用于无人电动小型货车，漏电流仅为1μA

客户的无人电动小型货车项目上，需求一款TVS管，要求反向关断或隔离电压不低于12V，封装小，供货好。Littelfuse推出的TVS管SMAJ12CA反向关断电压Vrwm=12V，有较多现货，满足客户需求适用于无人电动小型货车该项目。

应用方案发布时间 : 2021-10-21

【选型】为SD卡电源及数据线（CLK、CMD、DAT0~DAT3）通信选择一款合适的TVS管

车辆远程监终端GPRS模块上有用到SD卡，为保证SD卡数据通信免受ESD影响，需要对SD卡工作电压和数据线上均加入一款TVS管做ESD防护设计，本文推荐选用littelfuse的双向TVS管SP1233-01ETG，具有3.3V最大反向工作电压，0.5μA最大泄露电流，可安全吸收±30kV（接触放电，IEC 61000-4-2）时反复性ESD震击，而性能无任何降低。

器件选型发布时间 : 2019-08-21