The Working Principle and Performance Index of Fiber Optic Attenuator
Fiber attenuators are passive devices used to reduce the power of a signal to a certain level. It is widely used in the detection and debugging of optical fiber communication systems, equipment, and instruments in the process of research, development, and production.
In optical communication, when the power of the optical signal is too high, the optical receiver will be overloaded and the signal will be distorted, so it is necessary to use a fiber attenuator to reduce the power.
Another situation is that in an optical fiber system with multiple wavelength channels, the optical signal power of each channel needs to be approximately the same, so an optical fiber attenuator should be used to equalize the power of each channel.
Ⅰ. The working principle of the optical fiber attenuator
1. Air isolation technology
The transmission of light in the optical fiber abides by the law of total reflection, keeping the intensity relatively stable. Once light absconds from the fiber and transmits through the air, light will then get attenuated.
Flange-type fixed attenuators and adjustable attenuators are made possible based on this principle.
2. Displacement dislocation technology
In this method, the cores of the two optical fibers are slightly shifted and displaced, so as to achieve the effect of power loss.
By using ordinary pigtails, the cores of the two pigtails are spliced with a fusion splicer in the case of misalignment, so that eccentric loss occurs during the transmission process.
3. Attenuating fiber technology
According to the absorption effect of metal ions on light, an attenuating fiber doped with metal ions was developed.
The attenuating fiber is inserted into the ceramic ferrule, and after special processing, it can be made into a fixed attenuator of male and female types.
4. Absorption glass technology
Optically polished neutral absorbing glass sheets can also be used in the fabrication of Fiber Optic Attenuators.
Using the absorption characteristics of substances to light, a sheet or strip of neutral dark glass is made and placed on the light path, the light intensity can be attenuated.
Ⅱ. The performance of fiber optic attenuator
1. Insertion loss （IL）
At the max loss point, the ratio of the optical power （Pi） at the input end to the optical power （Po） at the output end.
2. Attenuation
The reduction value of the optical power of the working wavelength at the specified output port compared to the total input optical power.
3. Return loss （RL）
The ratio of the optical energy incident into the optical fiber attenuator to the optical energy reflected along the incident optical path in the attenuator.
4. PDL polarization-dependent loss
The ratio of the maximum and minimum transmission of a fiber attenuator for all polarization states.
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Types of Fiber Optic Attenuators
A fiber optic attenuator is a passive device used to reduce the power level of an optical signal in free space or in an optical fiber. They have fixed types, step-variable and continuous-variable types.Although fiber optic attenuators are commonly used in SM (single mode) links, since this is where stronger lasers are used for distance transmission, multimode attenuators are also available.The most common version of attenuators is male-to-female.
What Are the Classifications of Optical Fiber Attenuators?
The attenuation range of the fiber optic attenuator is 0 to 65dB. Among them, the attenuation power of the fixed optical attenuators currently on the market is between 1 and 30dB. Fixed optical attenuator is a type of optical fiber attenuator, which fixes the attenuation power at an attenuation value.
What Are the Common Fiber Optic Attenuators?
A fiber optic attenuator is an optical device that can reduce the energy of an optical signal. Through the attenuation of input optical power, it can avoid the distortion of the optical receiver due to too strong input optical power.
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What Are the Functions of the Fiber Optic Attenuators?
The fiber optic attenuator is an optical passive device that can act on it to reduce the energy of the optical signal and attenuate the input optical power, so as to avoid the distortion of the optical receiver due to the super-strong input optical power.
The Working Principle and Production of Fiber Optic Attenuator
An optical fiber attenuator, as a kind of optical passive device, is used to debug the optical power performance of an optical communication system, the calibration and correction of optical fiber instruments, and the attenuation of optical fiber signal.
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Why Fiber Optic Attenuators Are Used in Fiber Optic Cable Transmission Lines?
The intensity of the optical signal received by the optical receiving device needs to be within a certain range, and the optical power cannot be too strong or too weak. Otherwise, the device‘s life will be shortened or it will not work properly. The optical fiber attenuator is an optical passive device that can act on it to reduce the energy of the optical signal and attenuate the input optical power, so as to avoid the distortion of the optical receiver due to the super strong input optical power.
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