Exploring Vector Signal Generators

时间： 2022-05-12 来源：Keysight

Real-time waveform generation enables verification of receiver designs in all stages, from baseband subsystem coding all the way to sensitivity tests. When considering a vector signal generator of choice, there are various parameters to look at: switching modes for signal generation, creating your own waveforms, and exploring different testing scenarios. You should also consider the architecture differences, comparing traditional vs. DDS (direct digital synthesizer), as well as various other challenges that Vector Signal Generators can help solve.

Current Customer Challenges

Many RF engineers face new design and test challenges, including meeting ever-involving standard requirements, delivering performance, and accelerating time to market in today's competitive landscape. The demand growth for faster data rate applications triggers the need for new technologies capable of wider signal bandwidths and higher frequencies. Currently, the 5G New Radio (NR) standards specify frequency range 2 (FR2) from 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz and a maximum channel bandwidth of 400MHz.

Wider bandwidths enable high-throughput data and low latency. However, they also introduce more noise that degrades the system performance. Wireless engineers need to deal with the noise problem for wideband communications. Current wireless devices support multiple frequency bands and wireless formats and support for multiple antennas. These complex devices make the process of designing, testing, and isolating system problems more challenging. This leads to longer development lifecycle times, which slows down time-to-market.

Common Vector Signal Generator Architecture

The main feature that stands out in a traditional vector signal generator architecture is the inclusion of the I/Q modulator. The I (in-phase) and Q (quadrature) signals from a baseband generator's output travel to the I/Q modulator and upconvert with mixers to an intermediate frequency (IF) and RF signal. Before combining the I and Q signals, the I and Q signals mix with a same local oscillator (LO) and insert a 90-degree phase shifter in one of the LO paths.

Figure 1. A block diagram of a vector signal generator

Each component in the I/Q modulator contributes errors such as gain imbalance, timing skew, quadrature skew, DC offset, and phase noise (virtual: pop up these errors from the I/Q modulator). To visualize the modulator errors, we use the baseband generator to create a 16-multitone signal as an example. The output signal from traditional I/Q modulator generates nonlinear distortion that reduces the overall signal dynamic range. Figure 2 shows the intermodulation distortion between the 16 tones caused by the modulator and RF section. For a modulated signal, the distortion will degrade the signal quality and cause measurements failure. Therefore, to minimize the distortion for the signal generation is critical to accurately characterize wideband RF components and evaluate the receiver's performance.

Figure 2. A multitone signal with intermodulation distortion

KEYSIGHT explored some of the challenges that slow down your 5G testing. Taking into account traditional generator signal architecture, many of these challenges currently do not have adequate solutions. However, delving more into the future of vector signal generator architecture, learning how higher frequency coverage, wider bandwidths, and multi-channel applications can result in a breakthrough performance.

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本文由董慧转载自Keysight，原文标题为:Exploring Vector Signal Generators，本站所有转载文章系出于传递更多信息之目的，且明确注明来源，不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系，我们将立即进行删除处理。

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KEYSIGHT - SIGNAL GENERATOR,SIGNAL CREATION SOFTWARE,PSG MICROWAVE SIGNAL GENERATOR,BASEBAND GENERATOR,VECTOR SIGNAL GENERATOR,PSG SIGNAL GENERATORS,RF SIGNAL GENERATORS,SIGNAL GENERATORS,微波信号发生器,RF ANALOG SIGNAL GENERATOR,波形生成器,数字信号接口模块,AGILE SIGNAL GENERATORS,射频模拟信号发生器,ANALOG SIGNAL GENERATORS,RF SIGNAL GENERATOR,信号发生器,INTERFACE MODULE,LEGACY SIGNAL GENERATORS,AGILE SIGNAL GENERATOR,基带发生器,PSG RF SIGNAL GENERATOR,WAVEFORM CREATOR,射频信号发生器,VECTOR SIGNAL GENERATORS,SIGNAL GENERATORS,模拟信号发生器,矢量信号发生器,SIGNAL STUDIO SOFTWARE,AGILE VECTOR ADAPTER,PXB BASEBAND GENERATOR,CHANNEL EMULATOR,DIGITAL SIGNAL INTERFACE MODULE,VECTOR SIGNAL GENERATORS,ANALOG SIGNAL GENERATORS,BASEBAND GENERATOR,捷变信号发生器,MICROWAVE SIGNAL GENERATOR,8657J,N5172B,E4425B,E4437B,8657D,8645A,8657B,8657A,ESG-D,8672A,N5173B,E4424B,E4436B,8644B,8656B,E4400B,E8257DSXX-SERIES,83620B,ESG-A,83620A,M9381A,8340B,8340A,N5106A,E4431B,8647A,N9310A,8648A,83712B,83712A,ESG-AP,E4430B,83752B,83752A,M9380A,83630L,N5191A,8662B,E8257D,8662A,E4438C,E4426B,E2500B,83711B,83711A,83630B,83751B,83751A,8665A,8665B,E4421B,E4433B,N5193A,83640L,N5181B,8341A,N5181A,8341B,E8663D,8664A,E4428C,E4420B,8648D,E4432B,8648B,E8267D,8648C,83624B,83624A,83640B,N5194A,8780A,N5182B,N5182A,83623L,E4435B,8643A,N5102A,E4423B,83732B,83623B,83732A,83650L,N5171B,N5183B,8763D,N5183A,8763B,8763C,E8257DVXX-SERIES,X-SERIES,8763A,E4422B,E4434B,83622B,83731A,ESG-DP,83622A,83650B,83731B,MULTI-EMITTER SCENARIO GENERATION,RADIO TRANSCEIVERS,MILLIMETER WAVE RADAR,AND NAVIGATION,TRACKING,WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY,LOW-FREQUENCY NAVIGATION SIGNALS,AUDIO/VIDEO BROADCASTING,ELECTRONIC WARFARE,EW,RADAR,CELLULAR MOBILE RADIO,雷达,POSITIONING,CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS,SATELLITE SYSTEMS,DETECTION,电子战

June 1, 2018 - 选型指南

EXG X系列信号发生器N5171B模拟和N5172B矢量

KEYSIGHT - 信号发生器,SIGNAL GENERATORS,EXG X,EXG X-SERIES

February 27, 2023 - 数据手册查看更多版本

选项409 E4438C ESG和E8267D PSG矢量信号发生器的GPS个性

该资料介绍了Keysight Technologies公司为E4438C ESG和E8267D PSG矢量信号发生器提供的GPS个性选项（Option 409）。该选项允许用户模拟多卫星GPS信号，用于GPS接收器测试。它支持验证嵌入式GPS芯片在移动消费产品中的功能，包括手机和手持式接收器。该选项提供多种测试功能，如模拟真实世界场景、计算TTFF、进行接收器灵敏度测试等。

KEYSIGHT - VECTOR SIGNAL GENERATORS,矢量信号发生器,E4438C,E8267D

December 5, 2017 - 数据手册

简要回顾是德科技为射频工程师准备的2023年最新的Top 15文章

本文，是德科技为射频工程师总结了2023年最新的Top 15文章，并做了摘要概述。

2024-03-08 - 设计经验

N5181A MXG模拟N5182A MXG矢量第一代MXG信号发生器

本资料为Keysight Technologies公司第一代MXG信号发生器的配置指南，包括MXG模拟和矢量信号发生器。指南详细介绍了订购过程，包括选择型号、频率选项、性能增强选项、输入/输出选项、附件和文档选项、校准选项和启动辅助服务选项。同时，资料还提供了升级至新一代EXG信号发生器的信息，以及可用的选项和升级内容。

KEYSIGHT - 矢量信号发生器,VECTOR SIGNAL GENERATORS,N5182AK-432,N5182AK-430,N5182AK-672,N5182AK-431,N5172B,N5182AK-670,N5171BU-1EA,N5182AK-671,1CP004A,N5172B-UNV,N5182AK-1EQ,N5182AK-1ER,N5172B-UNW,N5172B-UNT,N7622A,N5182AK-1EL,N5182A-UNW,N5181AK-UNZ,N5172B-OBW,N5171B-320,1CM010A,N5172B-UNZ,N7606B,N5182AK-1EA,N5172B-320,N5182AK-320,N5181A-AXT,N5161A,N5181A-CD1,N5181AK-UNT,N5171BU-320,PS-S20,N5181AK-UNU,N7621B,N5181AK-UNW,N7617B,N5171BU-1ER,N5171B-1EM,N5171B-1ER,N5182AK-654,N5181AK-320,N5182AK-652,N5182AK-012,N5182AK-651,N5171B-0BW,N5182AK-099,N7624B,N5171BU-099,N5172BU-021,N5171B-1EA,N7612B,N7600B,N5182AK-019,N5171BU-006,N5172BU-655,N5182AK-250,UK6,R-50C-011-3,N5172B-CD1,N5172B-AXT,N5172BU-653,N5182A-0BW,N5172BU-012,R-50C-011-5,N5172BU-099,N5181AK-1EQ,N5172B-503,N5181AK-1ER,N5172B-506,N7623B,N5182AK-ALB,N7611B,1CR012A,N5171B-099,N5172BU-22X,N5181AK-0BW,N5172BU-403,N5172BU-006,N5181AK-1EA,N5172B-653,N5172B-655,N5181A-1CM,N5172B-012,N5181A-1CN,N5172B-099,PS-X10,N5181A-1CP,N5181AK-ALB,N5182A-AKT,N7602B,N5172BU-320,N5182A-1CR,N5182A-1CN,N5181A-AKT,N5182A-1CP,N5172BU-1EL,N5182A-1CM,N5171B-006,N5172BU-25X,N5181A-1CR,N5172B-021,AMG,N5172BU-1ER,N5181AK-099,N5182AK-006,N5172B-403,N5172B-006,N5182A-ABJ,N5181A,N7613A,N7625B,R-50C-016-5,N5172BU-432,N5172BU-431,PS-T10-ASG,N5172BU-430,N5182A-ABA,N7601B,N5182AK-403,N5172BU-1EA,N5182AK-R2C,N5182A-AB2,N5182A-AB1,R-50C-021-5,PS-S10,N5172B-430,N5182A,N5181AK-006,N5172B-432,N5172B-431,N5182AK-UNW,N5182AK-UNV,N7616B,N5182AK-UNU,N5172B-1ER,N5182AK-UNT,N5172B-1EM,N5172B-1EL,N5171B-CD1,N5172BU-UNT,PA-T10-ASG,A6J,N5171B-501,N5171B-503,N5172BU-UNZ,N5171B-506,N5171B-AXT,N5172BU-UNW,N5172BU-UNV,1CN006A,N5171B-UNZ,N5182AK-221,N5172B-022,N5181A-AB1,X-SERIES,N5181A-AB2,N7615B,N5182A-AXT,N5172B-0BW,N5181A-ABJ,N5171BU-UNT,N5182AK-UNZ,N5172B-1EA,N5181A-ABA,N5171BU-UNW,N5171BU-UNZ,N5171B-UNT,N5182A-CD1,N5171B-UNW

December 2, 2017 - 用户指南

第一代MXG信号发生器N5181A MXG模拟N5182A MXG矢量

本资料为Keysight Technologies公司第一代MXG模拟和矢量信号发生器的配置指南。内容包括选择型号、频率选项、性能增强选项、输入/输出选项、附件和文档选项、保修和校准选项以及启动辅助服务选项等。指南旨在协助用户完成MXG信号发生器的订购过程，并提供升级至新EXG X系列信号发生器的信息。

KEYSIGHT - MXG SIGNAL GENERATORS,MXG VECTOR,MXG信号发生器,MXG矢量,MXG,N5182AK-432,N5182AK-430,N5182AK-672,N5182AK-431,N5182AK-670,N5172B,N5182AK-671,N5171BU-1EA,N5182AK-1EQ,1CP004A,N5172B-UNV,N5182AK-1ER,N5172B-UNW,N5172B-UNT,N7622A,N5182AK-1EL,N5182A-UNW,N5181AK-UNZ,N5172B-OBW,N5171B-320,1CM010A,N5172B-UNZ,N7606B,N5182AK-1EA,N5182AK-320,N5172B-320,N5181A-AXT,N5181A-CD1,N5181AK-UNT,N5171BU-320,N5181AK-UNU,PS-S20,N7621B,N5181AK-UNW,N7617B,N5171BU-1ER,N5171B-1EM,R-51B-001-5C,N5171B-1ER,N5182AK-654,N5181AK-320,N5182AK-652,N5182AK-012,N5182AK-651,N5171B-0BW,N5182AK-099,N7624B,N5171BU-099,N5172BU-022,N5172BU-021,N5171B-1EA,N7612B,N5182AK-019,N7600B,N5171BU-006,N5172BU-655,N5182AK-250,UK6,R-50C-011-3,N5172B-221,N5172B-CD1,N5182A-0BW,N5172B-AXT,N5172BU-653,N5172BU-012,R-50C-011-5,N5172BU-099,N5172B-229,N5181AK-1EQ,N5172B-503,N5181AK-1ER,N5182AK-ALB,N5172B-506,N7623B,N7611B,1CR012A,N5171B-099,N5172BU-22X,N5181AK-0BW,N5172BU-403,N5172BU-006,N5181AK-1EA,N5172B-653,N5172B-655,N5181A-1CM,N5172B-012,N5181A-1CN,N5172B-099,PS-X10,N5181A-1CP,N5181AK-ALB,N5182A-AKT,N7602B,N5172BU-320,N5182A-1CR,N5182A-1CN,N5181A-AKT,N5182A-1CP,N5172BU-1EL,N5182A-1CM,N5171B-006,N5172BU-25X,N5181A-1CR,N5172B-021,AMG,N5172BU-1ER,N5181AK-099,N5182AK-006,N5172B-403,N5172B-006,N5182A-ABJ,N5181A,N7613A,N7625B,R-50C-016-5,N5172BU-432,N5172BU-431,PS-T10-ASG,N5172BU-430,N5182A-ABA,N5182AK-403,N7601B,N5172BU-1EA,N5182AK-R2C,N5182A-AB2,N5182A-AB1,R-50C-021-5,PS-S10,N5172B-430,N5182A,N5181AK-006,N5172B-432,N5172B-431,N5182AK-UNW,N5182AK-UNV,N5182AK-UNU,N7616B,N5182AK-UNT,N5172B-1ER,N5172B-1EM,N5172B-1EL,N5171B-CD1,N5172BU-UNT,PA-T10-ASG,A6J,N5171B-501,N5171B-503,N5172BU-UNZ,N5171B-506,N5171B-AXT,N5172BU-UNW,N5172BU-UNV,1CN006A,N5171B-UNZ,N5182AK-221,N5171B,N5172B-022,N5181A-AB1,N5181A-AB2,N7615B,N5182A-AXT,N5172B-0BW,N5181A-ABJ,N5171BU-UNT,N5182AK-UNZ,N5172B-1EA,N5181A-ABA,N5171BU-UNW,N5171BU-UNZ,N5182A-CD1,N5171B-UNT,N5171B-UNW

August 4, 2014 - 用户指南

Keysight（是德科技）基础测量仪器选型指南

Spotlight Special Offers and Events Pathwave Benchvue Software Oscilloscopes Data Acquisition/Switch Units Digital Multimeters DC Power Supplies Source Measure Units Electronic Loads Waveform Generators Signal Generators Signal Analyzers Vector Network Analyzers FieldFox Handheld Analyzers

KEYSIGHT - PRECISION SOURCE MEASURE UNITS,红外示波器,ENA矢量网络分析仪,FIELDFOX HANDHELD RF AND MICROWAVE ANALYZERS,DC BENCH POWER SUPPLY,DATA ACQUISITION / SWITCH UNITS,矢量网络分析仪,LOW NOISE POWER SOURCES,4 X 8双线矩阵开关,INFINIIVISION OSCILLOSCOPES,DIGITAL MULTIMETERS,精密源测量单位,AUTORANGING BENCHTOP POWER SUPPLIES,PROFILER,MULTIFUNCTION MODULE,20通道执行器总成开关,DC POWER SUPPLIES,电子负载,高道密度精密源测量装置,MIXED-SIGNAL OSCILLOSCOPE,ENA VECTOR NETWORK ANALYZER,数据采集系统,数据采集/开关单元,电池仿真器,DATA ACQUISITION UNITS,TRUEVOLT DIGITAL MULTIMETERS,HIGH-CHANNEL DENSITY PRECISION SMU,SWITCH UNITS,菲尔德福克斯手持式分析仪,HIGH-CHANNEL DENSITY PRECISION SOURCE MEASURE UNIT,TRIPLE-OUTPUT DC POWER SUPPLIES,TRUEVOLT数字万用表,三路输出直流电源,SOURCE MEASURE UNITS,4 X 8 TWO WIRE MATRIX SWITCH,DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM,VECTOR NETWORK ANALYZERS,16-CHANNEL HIGH-SPEED MULTIPLEXER,ELECTRONIC LOADS,FIELDFOX HANDHELD ANALYZER,DC POWER ANALYZER,BENCH DC ELECTRONIC LOADS,直流电源,多功能模块,4通道同步采样数字化仪,SMU,MODULAR POWER SYSTEM,真形波形发生器,RF SIGNAL ANALYZER,SMUS,低噪声电源,20-CHANNEL ACTUATOR,TRUEFORM WAVEFORM GENERATORS,SIGNAL ANALYZERS,SERIES DC BENCH POWER SUPPLY,20通道多路复用器,OSCILLOSCOPES,BATTERY EMULATOR,直流电源分析仪,高通道密度精密SMU,SIGNAL GENERATORS,直流台式电源,基本频谱分析仪,20-CHANNEL MULTIPLEXER,信号发生器,示波器,20-CHANNEL SOLID-STATE MULTIPLEXER,BASIC SPECTRUM ANALYZERS,40通道单端多路复用器,BSAS,SIGNAL GENERATOR BUNDLE,信号分析仪,FIELDFOX手持式射频和微波分析仪,FIELDFOX HANDHELD ANALYZERS,20通道固态多路复用器,数字万用表,模块化电源系统,DIGITAL MULTIMETER,4-CHANNEL SIMULTANEOUS SAMPLING DIGITIZER,精密源测量单元,剖析器,40-CHANNEL SINGLE-ENDED MULTIPLEXER,20-CHANNEL ACTUATOR GP SWITCH,FIELDFOX HANDHELD ANALYZERS,WAVEFORM GENERATORS,波形发生器,16通道高速复用器,FIELDFOX 手持式分析仪,台式直流电子负载,BSAS,自动调节台式电源,33521B,B2911B,PZ2120A,PZ2100,P9377B,34460A,DAQM905A,N9324C,1000X,3458A,N9918A,EL34143A,33600A SERIES,BV0003B,E36155A,BV9210B,DAQ973A,B2962B,N9935A,PZ2121A,P9243A,P93XXB,P937XA,P937XB,34972A,EL30000 SERIES,E5063A,E36154A,3000X,P9371B,P9371A,33600A,PZ2130A,B2961B,33612A,34470A,DAQM903A,B2960B SERIES,N9322C,N9960A,E36311A,6000X,E36731A,PZ2100 SERIES,N6701C,P9370A,P9382B,3000G X-SERIES,P9370B,PZ2131A,B2960B,33611A,33500B SERIES,PW9251A,DAQM904A,N6700 SERIES,34970A,N9323C,34465A,B2901BL,EXR-SERIES,E36150ADVU,N6700C,EL34243A,E36150 SERIES,DAQ970A,E36150,P9373B,BV9201B,E36300 SERIES,33622A,P9373A,P397XA,33509B,2000X,DAQM909A,E36313A,1000 X-SERIES,DAQM900A,E36232A,33512B,P9372A,P9384B,33500B,33621A,P9372B,N5181B,A-SERIES,N9321C,DAQM902A,N6700,E36200 SERIES,N755XA,B2902B,E36300,2000 X-SERIES,4000X,E36312A,DAQM901A,4000 X-SERIES,ENA,E36231A,N6702C,6000 X-SERIES,N9952A,B2901B,33511B,N5166B,N6705C,BV9211B,P9375B,P9242A,B2900B SERIES,PZ2110A,P9375A,33519B,DAQM907A,EL30000,E36234A,B2910BL,35520B,33510B,B2900B,B2912B,33522B,BV9200B,P9374A,N5171B,P9374B,P9241A,N9913A,P938XB,N9925A,X-SERIES,N1500A,DAQM908A,E36200,34461A,E36233A,ENA SERIES,INSTRUMENT CONTROL SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS,仪器控制软件应用

July 18, 2023 - 选型指南